西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,710049,西安
哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司,150046,哈尔滨
作者简介:李伟业(2000—),男,硕士生;
李浦(通信作者),男,副研究员,博士生导师。
收稿:2025-08-15,
网络首发:2025-12-25,
纸质出版:2026-04-10
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李伟业, 文思果, 丁莹, 等. 光热汽轮机转子热结构耦合应力预测及优化[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(4):187-198.
LI Weiye, WEN Siguo, DING Ying, et al. Prediction and Optimization of Thermally Induced Structural Stress in the Rotor of a Solar Thermal Turbine[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 187-198.
李伟业, 文思果, 丁莹, 等. 光热汽轮机转子热结构耦合应力预测及优化[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(4):187-198. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202604015.
LI Weiye, WEN Siguo, DING Ying, et al. Prediction and Optimization of Thermally Induced Structural Stress in the Rotor of a Solar Thermal Turbine[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 187-198. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202604015.
针对太阳能光热汽轮机中低压转子在冷态启动过程中的应力集中问题,通过有限元建模与混合残差编码网络(HRENet)相结合的方法,开展了瞬态热固耦合分析、应力预测及优化研究。首先,建立了转子有限元模型,模拟冷态启动工况。其次,提出一种新型HRENet模型,用于精准预测不同启动参数下转子应力集中点的应力。最后,通过启动优化与结构优化降低转子应力。其中,启动过程的划分和优化是基于初始温度、升速率、初始升温时间和温升率4个参数;结构优化则采用自适应多目标方法对转子中心打孔进行设计。研究结果表明:最大温度应力出现在第1级叶根槽倒圆角位置,这主要源于该区域的高温度梯度;与人工神经网络、卷积神经网络、残差神经网络和Transformer模型相比,HRENet的综合加载等效应力预测平均绝对误差分别降低了65.23%、78.01%、88.23%和85.65%,均方误差降低了82.13%、90.43%、98.94%和96.22%,从而显著提升了预测精度;启动优化结果发现,温升率对应力影响最大,同时启动时间缩短了23.08%,危险点应力降低了5.3%;结构优化后,第1级叶根槽倒圆角应力分别降低了33.33%和28.43%。该研究可为光热汽轮机转子的安全运行与优化设计提供有效方法。
In response to the issue of stress concentration in the low-pressure rotor of solar thermal turbines during cold start-up,transient thermo-structural coupling analysis,stress prediction,and optimization were performed by combining finite element modeling with a hybrid residual encoding network(HRENet).First,a finite element model of the rotor was established to simulate cold start-up conditions.Second,a novel HRENet model was proposed for accurately predicting the stress at stress-concentration points in the rotor under different start-up parameters.Finally,rotor stress was reduced through start-up optimization and structural optimization.The start-up process was divided and optimized based on four parameters:initial temperature,heating rate,initial heating duration,and temperature rise rate;structural optimization employed an adaptive multi-obj ective method to design center-hole drilling in the rotor.Results show that the maximum thermal stress occurs at the fillet of the first-stage blade-root groove,primarily due to the high temperature gradient in this region.Compared with artificial neural networks,convolutional neural networks,residual neural networks,and Transformer models,the mean absolute error of HRENet in predicting the comprehensive loading equivalent stress was reduced by 65.23%,78.01%,88.23%,and 85.65%,respectively,and the mean squared error was reduced by 82.13%,90.43%,98.94%,and 96.22%,thereby significantly improving prediction accuracy.From start-up optimization,it was found that the temperature rise rate exerts the greatest influence on stress;simultaneously,start-up time was shortened by 23.08% and stress at critical points was reduced by 5.3%.After structural optimization,the stress at the fillet of the first-stage blade-root groove was reduced by 33.33% and 28.43%,respectively.This research provides an effective approach for the safe operation and optimized design of solar thermal turbine rotors.
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