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为了能准确模拟新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的传播动态
给疫情防控政策制定提供一定的参考
提出了一个新的COVID-19传播非线性动力学模型。该模型考虑实际防控措施
将总人口分为易感、潜伏、隔离观察、无症状感染、有症状感染、住院隔离治疗和康复等7类人群;求出并分析了基本再生数;将模型的出院率和病死率拟合为时变函数
利用现有确诊病例数对模型其余参数和部分状态初值进行最小二乘拟合。分别利用湖北省武汉市和湖北省除武汉市外其他地区20天(2020年2月14日~3月4日)内感染COVID-19的实际数据对模型进行仿真验证
仿真结果表明
模型参数拟合的平均相对误差为0.629%;与累计确诊病例数、累计治愈出院数和累计死亡病例数的实际数据相比
所提出模型的武汉市疫情预测平均相对误差分别为0.772%、3.517%和2.025%
湖北省除武汉市外的地区的平均相对误差分别为0.808%、2.241%和2.39%
表明该模型能较准确模拟COVID-19的传播动态
而且具有广泛的适用性。对模型参数进行灵敏性分析
讨论了各种防控措施对COVID-19传播的影响
结果表明
最有效的防控措施依次为减少人与人之间的接触、加强密切接触者的追踪隔离、加大检测和治疗能力使感染者尽快隔离治疗等。
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