低成本高导电的高温热电应用石墨气凝胶研究

聂祎楠; 胡洋; 辛楠; 李一斐; 赵欣; 张敏; 唐桂华

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603014

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低成本高导电的高温热电应用石墨气凝胶研究

更新时间：2026-03-09

- 低成本高导电的高温热电应用石墨气凝胶研究
- Study on Low-Cost,High-Conductivity Graphite Aerogel for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Applications
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年60卷第3期页码：144-154
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：聂祎楠（1996—），男，博士生；
  唐桂华（通信作者），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目。(52130604)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603014
  中图分类号： TB332
- 收稿：2025-06-28，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-10
- 稿件说明：
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聂祎楠, 胡洋, 辛楠, 等. 低成本高导电的高温热电应用石墨气凝胶研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(3):144-154.

NIE Yinan, HU Yang, XIN Nan, et al. Study on Low-Cost,High-Conductivity Graphite Aerogel for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Applications[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 144-154.
聂祎楠, 胡洋, 辛楠, 等. 低成本高导电的高温热电应用石墨气凝胶研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(3):144-154. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603014.

NIE Yinan, HU Yang, XIN Nan, et al. Study on Low-Cost,High-Conductivity Graphite Aerogel for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Applications[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 144-154. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603014.

摘要

针对工业应用和航空航天高温条件下对高效隔热与热电转换的双重需求，通过定向冷冻干燥法和高温碳化技术，以鳞片石墨作为主要基材、羟乙基纤维素（HEC）/白水泥为三维骨架模板，制备出具有高度取向性片层结构的石墨气凝胶。该气凝胶具备室温至700℃的宽工作温区，在700℃下实现67.63 S·cm

-1

的超高电导率，其成本归一化电导率比已有导电气凝胶高2、3个数量级，具有明显的成本优势。同时，针对片层分形结构，提出了二级Voronoi图导电模型，基于该模型揭示了HEC增强低目数石墨导电、抑制高目数石墨导电的微观机理。石墨气凝胶在高温下的优异热稳定性，结合稳定的塞贝克系数（12～17μV·K

-1

）和对石墨本征热导率的有效抑制（降低3个数量级），证明其具有高温热电应用潜力。该研究为实现热电气凝胶实际应用提供了理论基础及设计指导。

Abstract

To meet the dual requirements of efficient thermal insulation and thermoelectric conversion under high-temperature conditions in industrial and aerospace applications

this study fabricates a graphite aerogel with a highly oriented lamellar structure using flake graphite as the primary matrix and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/white cement as the 3 D skeleton template

through the directional freeze-drying method and high-temperature carbonization technique.The aerogel demonstrates a wide operational temperature range from room temperature to 700 ℃

achieving an ultrahigh electrical conductivity of 67.63 S·cm

-1

at 700 ℃.Its cost-normalized electrical conductivity exceeds that of existing conductive aerogels by 2-3 orders of magnitude

offering significant cost advantages.Additionally

a two-stage Voronoi diagram conductivity model is proposed for the lamellar fractal

structure.Based on this mode

the microscopic mechanism by which HEC enhances conductivity in low-mesh graphite while suppressing conductivity in high-mesh graphite is revealed.The graphite aerogel’s excellent thermal stability at high temperatures

combined with a stable Seebeck coefficient (12—17μV·K

-1

)and effective suppression of intrinsic graphite thermal conductivity (reduced by 3 orders of magnitude)

highlights its potential for high-temperature thermoelectric applications.Through experimental validation and theoretical modeling

this study provides a theoretical foundation and design guidance for the practical application of thermoelectric aerogels.

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