共轭聚合物基光热材料在太阳能界面蒸发水处理中的研究进展

郭季璞; 魏小龙; 王开; 王美艳; 闫斌; 李栩; 张喆; 吴瑶; 杨鸿辉

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603005

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共轭聚合物基光热材料在太阳能界面蒸发水处理中的研究进展

—————————————————————— | 更新时间：2026-03-09

- 共轭聚合物基光热材料在太阳能界面蒸发水处理中的研究进展
- Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年60卷第3期页码：42-54
- 作者机构：
  
  国网（西安）环保技术中心有限公司，710100，西安
  国网西安供电公司临潼区供电分公司，710600，西安
  国网陕西省电力有限公司咸阳供电公司，712000，陕西咸阳
  西安交通大学化学学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：郭季璞（1984—），男，高级工程师；
  杨鸿辉（通信作者），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国网陕西省电力有限公司科技资助项目(5226KY240013);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52230001);陕西省研发计划资助项目。(2024GX-YBXM-459)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603005
  中图分类号： TK519;TB324
- 收稿：2025-05-22，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-10
- 稿件说明：
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郭季璞, 魏小龙, 王开, 等. 共轭聚合物基光热材料在太阳能界面蒸发水处理中的研究进展[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(3):42-54.

GUO Jipu, WEI Xiaolong, WANG Kai, et al. Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 42-54.
郭季璞, 魏小龙, 王开, 等. 共轭聚合物基光热材料在太阳能界面蒸发水处理中的研究进展[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026,60(3):42-54. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603005.

GUO Jipu, WEI Xiaolong, WANG Kai, et al. Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 42-54. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603005.

摘要

为解决传统光热材料在太阳能驱动界面蒸发（SDIE）中光吸收范围窄、

稳定性不足、功能单一的问题，综述了共轭聚合物基光热材料（PTMs）的应用研究，利用PTMs的共轭π键所赋予的宽光谱吸收能力与优异的分子可设计性，通过分子设计与复合改性弥补无机材料的短板。系统阐述该类材料的光热转换机理、材料特性及主要优化路径，重点归纳对比聚苯胺（PANI）、聚吡咯（PPy）、聚多巴胺（PDA）、聚（3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）4类材料的光吸收率、蒸发速率、光热转换效率及抗盐、净化性能。研究结果表明：PANI基材料经酸掺杂和纳米复合后，其近红外吸收与功能化得到显著增强，蒸发速率最高可达2.99 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PPy基PTMs凭借全光谱吸收与多孔结构，蒸发速率可达3.32 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PDA基PTMs与余热耦合后，蒸发速率提升至8.73 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PEDOT基PTMs通过双网络设计，光吸收率达99.8%且稳定性优异。共轭聚合物基PTMs在SDIE中具备宽带吸收、可设计性强、环境友好等显著优势，未来需通过分子调控开发新型材料，优化输水/隔热层设计以减少热损失，推动多功能系统规模化应用，可为应对淡水危机与可持续发展提供技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the limitations of traditional photothermal materials in solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE)

including narrow light absorption range

insufficient stability

and single functionality

this paper reviews the application research of conjugated polymer-based photothermal materials (PTMs).Leveraging their wide-spectrum light absorption capabilities from conjugated π-bonds and strong molecular designability

these materials overcome the shortcomings of inorganic materials through molecular design and composite modifications.The photothermal conversion mechanisms

material characteristics

and key optimization strategies of these PTMs are systematically elaborated.Special focus is placed on comparing the light absorption efficiency

evaporation rate

photothermal conversion efficiency

salt resistance

and purification performance of four representative materials：polyaniline (PANI )

polypyrrole (PPy)

polydopamine (PDA )

and poly (3

4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The results indicate that PANI-based materials achieve enhanced near-infrared absorption efficiency and functionalization via acid doping and nanocomposite modification

with a maximum evaporation rate of 2.99 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

.PPy-based PTMs exhibit an evaporation rate of 3.32 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

due to full-spectrum absorption and porous structures. PDA-based PTMs

when coupled with waste heat

achieve an evaporation rate of 8.73 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

. PEDOT-based PTMs demonstrate 99.8% light absorption efficiency and excellent stability through dual-network design.Conjugated polymer-based PTMs offer distinct advantages in SDIE

including broadband absorption

strong designability

and environmental friendliness.Future research should focus on developing novel materials through molecular regulation

optimizing water-transport/thermal-insulation layer designs to minimize heat loss

and promoting large-scale applications of multifunctional systems.These advancements will provide technical support for addressing freshwater crises and promoting sustainable development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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