多工况条件下跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障振动信号趋势预测方法

赵玲; 巫刚; 吴杭俊; 张娜; 谭晋

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202511019

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多工况条件下跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障振动信号趋势预测方法

更新时间：2025-11-11

- 多工况条件下跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障振动信号趋势预测方法
- Vibration Signal Trend Prediction Method for Straddle Monorail Train Gearbox Faults Under Multiple Operating Conditions
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第11期页码：198-208
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：赵玲（1979—），女，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(6073051);重庆市教育委员会重大科学研究资助项目(KJZD-M202400706;KJQN202200715)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202511019
  中图分类号： TH165
- 收稿：2025-03-12，
  
  纸质出版：2025-11-10
- 稿件说明：
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赵玲, 巫刚, 吴杭俊, 等. 多工况条件下跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障振动信号趋势预测方法[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(11):198-208.

ZHAO Ling, WU Gang, WU Hangjun, et al. Vibration Signal Trend Prediction Method for Straddle Monorail Train Gearbox Faults Under Multiple Operating Conditions[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(11): 198-208.
赵玲, 巫刚, 吴杭俊, 等. 多工况条件下跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障振动信号趋势预测方法[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(11):198-208. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202511019.

ZHAO Ling, WU Gang, WU Hangjun, et al. Vibration Signal Trend Prediction Method for Straddle Monorail Train Gearbox Faults Under Multiple Operating Conditions[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(11): 198-208. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202511019.

摘要

针对低频调制干扰、非线性耦合谐波及工况依赖性特征导致跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱振动信号趋势预测精度低的问题，提出一种融合双向门控循环单元（BiGRU）与时序信息预测模型（Informer）的振动信号趋势预测模型。该模型利用BiGRU的门控机制抑制低频干扰，通过双向结构提取非线性耦合谐波特征，并借助自适应学习机制增强对不同运行工况的适应性；通过将Informer编码器中的多头注意力机制与空洞因果卷积结合扩大模型感受野，有效捕获时间序列的长期依赖特征，实现齿轮箱振动信号趋势预测。通过实验台采集的跨座式单轨列车齿轮箱故障数据集对模型进行了验证，在不同预测步长下，所提模型的平均绝对误差

MAE

、均方误差

MSE

以及均方根误差

RMSE

分别为0.2648、0.1160和0.3391，均低于自相关Transformer模型（Autoformer）、Informer和分解线性模型（Dlinear）；在正常工况、装配误差、内圈故障及疲劳磨损这4种工况条件下的预测精度稳定，绝对误差在0.21～0.35范围内。研究结果表明，所提模型在长短时间序列下的趋势预测精度均高于其他对比模型，多工况条件下的实验结果验证了所提模型的适应性和鲁棒性。

Abstract

To address the low prediction accuracy of vibration signal trends in straddle monorail train gearboxes caused by low-frequency modulation interference

nonlinear coupled harmonics

and condition-dependent characteristics

this study proposes a vibration signal trend prediction model that integrates a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) and a temporal information prediction model (Informer).This model utilizes the gating mechanism of BiGRU to suppress low-frequency interference

extracts nonlinear coupled harmonic features through its bidirectional structure

and enhances adaptability to various operating conditions through an adaptive learning mechanism. By combining the multi-head attention mechanism in the Informer encoder with dilated causal convolution

the model effectively expands its receptive field to capture long-term dependency features in time series data

thereby facilitating the trend prediction of gearbox vibration signals. Validation of the model is conducted using a dataset of gearbox fault data collected from a straddle monorail train gearbox test bench. The proposed model achieves average absolute error

mean square error

and root mean square error of 0.2648

0.1160

and 0.3391

respectively

across different prediction horizons

which are lower than those of the Autoformer

Informer

and Dlinear models. The prediction accuracy remains stable under four operating conditions：normal operation

assembly error

inner ring fault

and fatigue wear

with absolute errors ranging from 0.21 to 0.35.The results indicate that the proposed model demonstrates superior trend prediction accuracy for both short and long time series compared to other benchmark models

and the experimental outcomes under multiple operating conditions validate the model's adaptability and robustness.

关键词

Keywords

references

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