智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发

李小虎; 万少可; 洪军

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202511010

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智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发

专题西安交通大学自然科学优秀成果 | 更新时间：2025-11-11

- 智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发
- Key Technologies and System Development of Intelligent Electric Spindles
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第11期页码：104-114
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：李小虎（1976—），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075428;52105273)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202511010
  中图分类号： TG659
- 收稿：2023-06-01，
  
  纸质出版：2025-11-10
- 稿件说明：
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李小虎, 万少可, 洪军. 智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(11):104-114.

LI Xiaohu, WAN Shaoke, HONG Jun. Key Technologies and System Development of Intelligent Electric Spindles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(11): 104-114.
李小虎, 万少可, 洪军. 智能化电主轴关键技术与系统开发[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(11):104-114. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202511010.

LI Xiaohu, WAN Shaoke, HONG Jun. Key Technologies and System Development of Intelligent Electric Spindles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(11): 104-114. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202511010.

摘要

高端数控机床作为装备制造业母机，被我国列为加快突破的战略必争领域，其智能化更是重要发展方向。其中，主轴系统对于高档数控机床的加工性能与可靠性具有锚定作用，是当之无愧的核心功能部件。同时，随着航空航天、汽车、能源等高端制造领域对高性能加工的迫切需求，实现状态感知与性能调控的智能化主轴技术已经成为目前高端数控机床领域发展的重要方向。作为直接夹持刀具参与切削的关键核心部件，如何对切削加工过程以及自身运行状态进行在线精准感知评估从而保障切削加工过程和机床加工性能、如何通过主轴自身的智能主动调控提升复杂工况下的切削加工质量，已经成为高性能、智能化主轴发展所亟需攻克的核心难题。在此背景下，研究团队面向高端机床智能化发展趋势与实际需求，构建了一系列面向智能主轴的状态感知评估与振动主动抑制方法，解决了主轴系统状态评估难、主动调控能力弱等难题，开发出两类智能电主轴原型样机，实现了主轴在线状态评估以及颤振监测与颤振抑制，并在部分机床企业得到应用，为我国机床领域开发智能化主轴提供了理论基础与使能技术。

Abstract

High-end computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools

recognized as the“mother machines”of the equipment manufacturing industry

have been identified by China as a strategic priority requiring accelerated breakthroughs

with intelligence being a critical development direction. Among their components

the spindle system plays a pivotal role in determining the machining performance and reliability of high-grade CNC machine tools

making it the undisputed core functional unit. Meanwhile

with the growing demand for high-performance machining in advanced manufacturing sectors such as aerospace

automotive

and energy

intelligent spindle technology—capable of state sensing and performance regulation—has become a key focus in the development of high-end CNC machine tools. As the critical component directly clamping and driving cutting tools

two core challenges must be addressed to advance high-performance and intelligent spindles：how to achieve online

accurate perception and evaluation of the cutting process and the spindle's operational state to ensure machining stability and performance

and how to enable intelligent active control of the spindle to enhance machining quality under complex working conditions. In this context

the research team has developed a series of methods for state sensing

evaluation

and active vibration suppression tailored to intelligent spindles

addressing longstanding issues such as difficulties in state assessment and weak active control capabilities. Two types of intelligent electric spindle prototypes are developed

demonstrating capabilities in online state evaluation

chatter monitoring

and chatter suppression. These prototypes have been applied in select machine tool enterprises

providing theoretical foundations and enabling technologies for the development of intelligent spindles in China's machine tool industry.

关键词

Keywords

references

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