现代新能源汽车主驱动电机及其发展趋势探讨

赵升吨; 曹杨峰; 马畅欣; 张传伟; 黄晓鹏; 李祥阳

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202510001

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现代新能源汽车主驱动电机及其发展趋势探讨

更新时间：2025-09-28

- 现代新能源汽车主驱动电机及其发展趋势探讨
- Main Drive Motors of Modern New Energy Vehicles and Their Development Trend
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第10期页码：1-21
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
  
  作者简介：赵升吨（1962—），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目。(52275373)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202510001
  中图分类号： TM30;U469.72
- 收稿：2024-12-30，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵升吨, 曹杨峰, 马畅欣, 等. 现代新能源汽车主驱动电机及其发展趋势探讨[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(10):1-21.

ZHAO Shengdun, CAO Yangfeng, MA Changxin, et al. Main Drive Motors of Modern New Energy Vehicles and Their Development Trend[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(10): 1-21.
赵升吨, 曹杨峰, 马畅欣, 等. 现代新能源汽车主驱动电机及其发展趋势探讨[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(10):1-21. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202510001.

ZHAO Shengdun, CAO Yangfeng, MA Changxin, et al. Main Drive Motors of Modern New Energy Vehicles and Their Development Trend[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(10): 1-21. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202510001.

摘要

电机是新能源汽车电机、电池、电控“三电”中最重要的部件，但是目前关于现代新能源汽车用主驱动电机类型及其关键技术问题缺乏系统深入的论述。基于此该文对新能源汽车驱动电机类型做了分类，其中的直流电机、交流永磁同步电机、磁阻电机以及交流异步感应电机这4种类型电机是目前新能源汽车使用的主流，并对每种驱动电机的现状及使用的关键技术等做了充分说明，进一步论述了这4种类型电机的具体机械结构、应用的汽车企业和车型、每种电机的优缺点等，充分详细地展示了新能源汽车电驱动及其相关技术的设计思想。研究结果表明：交流径向磁通永磁同步电机、轴向磁通永磁同步电机和交流异步电机具有更好的综合性能，是未来新能源汽车主驱动电机的主要类型。另外，对4、8极的变极交流异步铜转子感应电动机特性进行了简要的论述，结果表明该电机也有较好的使用前景。通过多方面系统深入分析主驱动电机的发展趋势后明确指出，未来的新能源汽车主驱动电机应朝着供电电压高压化、高转速化、低噪声振动和不平顺（NVH）化、高功率密度化、材料高强度高导磁化、电机减速机及驱动控制一体化、电机转速传感的低成本高可靠以及驱动控制器高频高效化方向发展。

Abstract

The motor is the most critical component among the “three electric systems” (motor

battery

and electronic control) of new energy vehicles (NEVs).However

there is currently a lack of systematic and in-depth discussion and classification regarding the types of main drive motors used in modern NEVs and their key technical issues. To address this

this study first investigates and categorizes the types of drive motors for NEVs

identifying four dominant types currently in use: DC motors

AC permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs)

reluctance motors

and AC asynchronous induction motors. Furthermore

a comprehensive explanation of the current status and key technologies of these four types of drive motors is provided. The specific mechanical structures of each motor

the automotive manufacturers and vehicle models that employ them

as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed. This detailed analysis thoroughly presents the design philosophy behind NEV electric drive systems and related technologies. The research results indicate that AC radial-flux PMSMs

axial-flux PMSMs

and AC asynchronous motors exhibit superior comprehensive performance and are likely to dominate as the main types of drive motors for future NEVs. Additionally

the characteristics of 4-pole and 8-pole variable-pole AC asynchronous copper-rotor induction motors are briefly examined

demonstrating their promising application prospects. Finally

through a systematic and in-depth analysis of the development trends of main drive motors

this study clearly concludes that future NEV drive motors should evolve in the following directions: higher supply voltages

increasingly higher rotational speeds

lower noise vibration and harshness (NVH)

greater power density

use of high-strength and high-permeability materials

integration of motors with gear reducers and drive controllers

cost-effective and highly reliable motor speed sensing

and highfrequency

high-efficiency drive controllers.

关键词

Keywords

references

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