高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的热致同步振动失稳特性

刘阳; 余承智; 袁奇

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202508009

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高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的热致同步振动失稳特性

—————————————————————— | 更新时间：2025-07-30

- 高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的热致同步振动失稳特性
- Thermal-Induced Synchronous Vibration Instability Characteristics of High-Speed Cantilever Rotor-Bearing Systems
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第8期页码：88-99
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院， 710049，西安
  2.西安交通大学陕西省叶轮机械及动力装备工程实验室， 710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  刘阳（1997—），男，博士生
  袁奇，男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372057);国家科技重大专项资助项目(J2019-Ⅳ-0005-0072)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202508009
  中图分类号： TK263.6
- 收稿：2025-03-03，
  
  网络首发：2025-04-14，
  
  纸质出版：2025-08-10
- 稿件说明：
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刘阳, 余承智, 袁奇. 高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的热致同步振动失稳特性[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(8):88-99.

LIU Yang, YU Chengzhi, YUAN Qi. Thermal-Induced Synchronous Vibration Instability Characteristics of High-Speed Cantilever Rotor-Bearing Systems[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(8): 88-99.
刘阳, 余承智, 袁奇. 高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的热致同步振动失稳特性[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(8):88-99. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202508009.

LIU Yang, YU Chengzhi, YUAN Qi. Thermal-Induced Synchronous Vibration Instability Characteristics of High-Speed Cantilever Rotor-Bearing Systems[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(8): 88-99. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202508009.

摘要

为探究轴颈温度分布对高速悬臂转子-轴承系统热致同步振动失稳特性（Morton效应）的影响，建立高速悬臂转子三维瞬态热弯曲响应模型，提出了Morton效应失稳阈值判据。首先，对滑动轴承进行三维瞬态热流体动力学计算，考虑空穴效应和温黏效应，采用动态网格模型实现不同工况下的轴颈涡动，获得轴颈表面的周向和轴向温度分布。然后，采用三维实体和一维梁单元有限元模型，分别进行转子热变形和动力学特性计算。最后，通过实验测试结果对所建模型进行验证。研究结果表明：相较于收敛涡动和循环涡动，轴颈发散涡动产生的周向温差更大，转速为10 000 r/min时，轴颈周向温差达到25 K；轴颈表面温度的周向分布曲线越接近正弦曲线、轴颈高温区域的轴向长度越长，转子的热不平衡量越大；提出的失稳阈值判据可精确判断转子-轴承系统的最高工作转速，与避开10%临界转速的传统判据相比，最高工作转速提高了7.2%。该研究可为高速悬臂转子-轴承系统的分析设计提供理论指导。

Abstract

To investigate the influence of journal temperature distribution on thermally-induced synchronous vibration instability (Morton effect) in high-speed overhung rotor-bearing systems

this study establishes a three-dimensional transient thermal bending response model and proposes a novel instability threshold criterion. First

three-dimensional transient thermofluid dynamic calculations are performed for the sliding bearings

considering the cavitation effect and temperature-viscosity effect. A dynamic mesh model is used to simulate the journal whirl under different operating conditions

obtaining the circumferential and axial temperature distributions on the journal surface. Then

three-dimensional solid and one-dimensional beam element finite element models are employed to calculate the thermal deformation and dynamic characteristics of the rotor

respectively. Finally

the established model is validated using experimental test results. The study results indicate that compared to converging whirl and circulating whirl

the diverging whirl generates a greater circumferential temperature difference. At a speed of 10 000 r/min

the circumferential temperature difference reaches 25 K. The closer the circumferential temperature distribution curve of the journal surface is to a sine wave

and the longer the axial length of the high-temperature region on the journal

the greater the thermal imbalance of the rotor. The proposed instability threshold criterion can accurately determine the maximum working speed of the rotor-bearing system

improving it by 7.2% compared to traditional criteria that avoid 10% of the critical speed. This research provides theoretical guidance for the analytical design of high-speed cantilever rotor-bearing systems.

关键词

Keywords

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