喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析

徐硕涵; 赵凯; 白天阳; 高章; 郭根苗; 何志霞; Raul PAYRI; 邵壮

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202505018

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喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析

—————————————————————— | 更新时间：2025-08-26

- 喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析
- Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Injector Performance with the Effect of Nozzle Internal Flows
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第5期页码：189-197
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏大学能源研究院， 212013，江苏镇江
  2.中汽研汽车检验中心（常州）有限公司， 213100，江苏常州
  3.瓦伦西亚理工大学清洁动力与热流体研究所， 46022，西班牙瓦伦西亚
  4.山东中科先进技术研究院有限公司， 250101，济南
- 作者简介：
  
  徐硕涵（2000—），男，硕士生；
  郭根苗（通信作者），女，副教授，硕士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(52106153;52376113);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20210760)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202505018
  中图分类号： TK422
- 收稿：2024-10-12，
  
  网络首发：2024-12-04，
  
  纸质出版：2025-05-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
徐硕涵, 赵凯, 白天阳, 等. 喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(5):189-197.

XU Shuohan, ZHAO Kai, BAI Tianyang, et al. Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Injector Performance with the Effect of Nozzle Internal Flows[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(5): 189-197.
徐硕涵, 赵凯, 白天阳, 等. 喷嘴内流影响下的喷油器性能参数敏感性分析[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(5):189-197. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202505018.

XU Shuohan, ZHAO Kai, BAI Tianyang, et al. Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Injector Performance with the Effect of Nozzle Internal Flows[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(5): 189-197. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202505018.

摘要

为探究喷嘴结构设计对喷油器乃至电控高压共轨燃油喷射系统流通特性、喷雾特性等影响，基于高压共轨喷嘴内部流动及喷雾可视化试验平台，探究真实尺寸喷嘴内部空化流动瞬态特性，利用修正的空化模型结合湍流模型与多相流模型开展喷嘴几何结构对内部空化流态及其对喷嘴综合性能影响的数值模拟研究，并结合规则两水平分数因子设计开展几何参数敏感性分析。结果表明：在燃油喷射过程中，喷嘴内可能同时存在几何空化与线空化两种空化流态，且针阀运动直接影响喷嘴内线空化现象；喷孔出口直径、喷孔锥度系数、针阀升程及喷孔长度等因素对喷嘴的综合性能影响最为显著；不同结构喷嘴内部空化流态的差异是喷油器流通与喷雾性能差异的主要原因；喷嘴内部的线空化对喷雾宏观特性影响显著，且空蚀风险较小。研究可为喷嘴结构设计提供参考，为实现高压共轨燃油喷射系统喷油规律、喷油量及喷雾的精准控制提供理论支撑。

Abstract

To investigate the impact of nozzle structure design on the flow characteristics and spray characteristics of injectors and the electronically controlled high-pressure common rail fuel injection system

a high-pressure common rail nozzle internal flow and spray visualization test platform is utilized to explore the transient characteristics of cavitation flow within a full-scale nozzle. A modified cavitation model

combined with a turbulence model and multiphase flow model

is used to conduct numerical simulations on the effects of nozzle geometry on internal cavitation flow patterns and overall nozzle performance. Additionally

a two-level fractional factorial design is employed for geometric parameter sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that both geometric cavitation and string cavitation can coexist within the nozzle during fuel injection

and needle valve movement directly affects the occurrence of string cavitation in the nozzle. Factors such as nozzle outlet diameter

nozzle conicity coefficient

needle valve lift

and nozzle hole length have the most significant impact on the nozzle's overall performance. Differences in internal cavitation flow patterns across different nozzle structures are the primary reason for differences in flow and spray performance. String cavitation within the nozzle has a notable effect on the spray's macroscopic characteristics

with minimal risk of erosion. This study provides a reference for nozzle structure design and theoretical support for precise control of regular injection

fuel quantity

and spray in high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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