电动汽车高效节能驱动与传动系统研究进展

赵升吨; 郑臻皓; 杜威; 曹杨峰; 杨啸垠

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202504001

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电动汽车高效节能驱动与传动系统研究进展

专题　新能源汽车驱动传动新原理与智能控制 | 更新时间：2026-01-06

- 电动汽车高效节能驱动与传动系统研究进展
  增强出版
- Research Progress on Efficient and Energy Saving Drive and Transmission Systems for Electric Vehicles
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第4期页码：1-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安交通大学机械工程学院， 710049，西安
  2.西安交通大学西安市智能装备与控制重点实验室， 710049，西安
  3.金属成形技术与重型装备全国重点实验室， 710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  赵升吨（1962—），男，教授，博士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275373);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52105397)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202504001
  中图分类号： TH132.46
- 收稿：2024-10-31，
  
  网络首发：2024-12-31，
  
  纸质出版：2025-04-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵升吨, 郑臻皓, 杜威, 等. 电动汽车高效节能驱动与传动系统研究进展[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(4):1-15.

ZHAO Shengdun, ZHENG Zhenhao, DU Wei, et al. Research Progress on Efficient and Energy Saving Drive and Transmission Systems for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(4): 1-15.
赵升吨, 郑臻皓, 杜威, 等. 电动汽车高效节能驱动与传动系统研究进展[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(4):1-15. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202504001.

ZHAO Shengdun, ZHENG Zhenhao, DU Wei, et al. Research Progress on Efficient and Energy Saving Drive and Transmission Systems for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(4): 1-15. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202504001.

摘要

驱动与传动系统是电动汽车的重要组成部分，高效节能的驱动与传动系统对于提高电动汽车动力性、经济性以及操控稳定性具有重要的意义。从不同驱动方式原理及特点、多电机耦合方式分类和典型应用等方面出发，综述了国内外电动汽车驱动与传动结构的研究进展。从驱动方式原理及特点方面，分析总结了单电机驱动、单电机-变速器驱动、双电机耦合驱动以及多电机驱动系统的工作模式及优缺点，指出了单电机驱动系统存在电机效率低下、动力性欠缺以及节能性不足的问题，而多电机驱动凭借多种工作模式提高了驱动系统的效率、延长了续驶里程，是未来电动汽车驱动与传动结构的主要类型。从多电机耦合方式分类方面，详细总结了转速耦合、转矩耦合以及转速转矩耦合3种多电机耦合方式驱动基本原理及研究现状，明确提出速转矩耦合驱动系统在低速重载、高速轻载路况下都能够灵活的分配多台电机的功率来提高驱动系统的整体效率，综合性能最好。此外，总结了目前现有的轮毂电机系统、轮边电机系统以及单桥单电机+单桥双电机驱动系统，进一步分析表明未来的电动汽车驱动系统应朝着多动力源、一体化、机电耦合方向发展。该研究可为未来电动汽车驱动与传动系统的研发提供参考。

Abstract

The drive and transmission system is a crucial component of electric vehicles. An efficient and energy-saving drive and transmission system plays a significant role in enhancing the power performance

economic efficiency

and handling stability of electric vehicles. The research advancements of the drive and transmission structure of electric vehicles

both domestically and internationally

are explored

focusing on the principles and characteristics of different driving modes

the classification of multi-motor coupling methods

and typical applications. Regarding the principles and characteristics of driving modes

the operating patterns

advantages

and disadvantages of single-motor drive

single-motor drive with transmission

dual-motor coupling drive

and multi-motor drive systems are analyzed and summarized

highlighting the challenges faced by the single-motor drive system

including low motor efficiency

inadequate power performance

and limited energy conservation. On the other hand

multi-motor drives are shown to enhance the efficiency of the drive system and extend the driving range through multiple working modes

making them the primary drive and transmission structure for future electric vehicles. In terms of the classification of multi-motor coupling methods

the fundamental principles and current research status of three multi-motor coupling methods

i.e. speed coupling

torque coupling

and speed-torque coupling

are summarized in detail

with the speed-torque coupling drive system being specifically recommended for its ability to dynamically allocate power from multiple motors

enhancing the overall efficiency of the drive system under low-speed heavy-load and high-speed light-load road conditions

thereby offering superior comprehensive performance. Additionally

existing hub motor systems

wheel-side motor systems

and single-bridge single-motor + single-bridge dual-motor drive systems are reviewed. Further analysis suggests that the future drive system of electric vehicles should transition towards multi-power sources

integration

and electromechanical coupling. This research serves a valuable reference for the development of drive and transmission systems of future electric vehicles.

关键词

Keywords

references

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