锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化

杨涵; 刘宁豪; 高强; 杨广丰

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202503016

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锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化

更新时间：2026-01-06

- 锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化
- Cooling Performance Analysis and Structural Optimization of Concentric Structure Liquid Cooling Plate for Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年59卷第3期页码：172-188
- 作者机构：
  
  长安大学汽车学院， 710018，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  杨涵（2000—），男，硕士生；
  高强（通信作者），男，教授，硕士生导师。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878066);陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2024GX-YBXM-530)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202503016
  中图分类号： TM912.9
- 收稿：2024-08-26，
  
  网络首发：2024-11-29，
  
  纸质出版：2025-03-10
- 稿件说明：
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杨涵, 刘宁豪, 高强, 等. 锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(3):172-188.

YANG Han, LIU Ninghao, GAO Qiang, et al. Cooling Performance Analysis and Structural Optimization of Concentric Structure Liquid Cooling Plate for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(3): 172-188.
杨涵, 刘宁豪, 高强, 等. 锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025,59(3):172-188. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202503016.

YANG Han, LIU Ninghao, GAO Qiang, et al. Cooling Performance Analysis and Structural Optimization of Concentric Structure Liquid Cooling Plate for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(3): 172-188. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202503016.

摘要

针对锂离子电池在工作过程中产生大量热量，从而导致温度和温差升高，进而威胁电池的性能、使用寿命和安全性的问题，提出了一种新型同心十边形结构液冷板设计方案。该方案旨在通过优化液冷板的冷却性能，有效降低电池的工作温度和温差，从而延长电池的使用寿命并提升其安全性。通过数值仿真，研究了不同结构液冷板的冷却性能，采用熵权法分析的结果表明，同心十边形液冷板在综合冷却性能方面表现最佳。为了进一步提升液冷板的冷却效果，通过单因子分析法研究了环形流道的宽度、深度、液冷板壁厚和圆心距等结构因素对电池组冷却性能的影响。采用正交试验法筛选出了3个对液冷板冷却性能影响最大的结构因素作为设计变量。以电池组的最高温度、最大温差和平均温度作为目标函数，建立设计变量与目标函数之间的响应面代理模型，并采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对液冷板结构因素进行了优化。利用熵权法确定了帕累托前沿最优解，改善其他研究在选择最优解时受主观影响的缺陷。仿真结果表明：相比于初始结构，优化后的液冷板电池组的最高温度、最大温差和平均温度分别下降了1.39、0.42、1.15 ℃，并且温度均匀性得到了显著改善。通过在不同放电倍率和环境温度下的验证，证明了优化结构在多种工况下的鲁棒性。该研究结果可为液冷式锂电池冷却结构的设计与优化提供有效的理论依据和实践参考。

Abstract

In response to the issue of excessive heat generation during the operation of lithium-ion batteries

leading to increased temperature differentials and posing threats to the battery's performance

lifespan

and safety

a novel concentric decagonal structure liquid cooling plate design scheme is proposed. This scheme aims to optimize the cooling performance of the liquid cooling plate to effectively reduce the operating temperature and temperature differentials of the battery

thereby extending the battery's lifespan and enhancing its safety. Through numerical simulations

the cooling performance of different structural liquid cooling plates is investigated. The results

analyzed using the entropy weight method

indicate that the concentric decagonal liquid cooling plate exhibits the best overall cooling performance. To further enhance the cooling effectiveness of the liquid cooling plate

the influence of structural factors such as the width

depth

wall thickness

and center distance of the annular flow channel on the cooling performance of the battery pack is explored using a single-factor analysis method. Three structural factors that have the greatest impact on the cooling performance of the liquid cooling plate are selected as design variables through orthogonal experimental design. Using the maximum temperature

maximum temperature differential

and average temperature of the battery pack as objective functions

a response surface surrogate model is established between the design variables and objective functions. The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm is employed to optimize the structural factors of the liquid cooling plate. The Pareto optimal solution is determined using the entropy weight method to improve the deficiency of subjective influence in selecting the optimal solution in other studies. Simulation results show that compared to the initial structure

the optimized liquid cooling plate reduces the maximum temperature

maximum temperature differential

and average temperature of the battery pack by 1.39

0.42

and 1.15 ℃

respectively

with significant improvement in temperature uniformity. Finally

validation under different discharge rates and environmental temperatures demonstrates the robustness of the optimized structure under various operating conditions. These research findings provide effective theoretical basis and practical references for the design and optimization of liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery cooling structures.

关键词

Keywords

references

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