零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模

栗世豪; 张俊; 唐宇阳; 尹佳; 赵万华

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202110006

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零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模

专题先进制造 | 更新时间：2025-07-09

- 零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模
- Modeling of Mapping Relationship Between Machining Error and Geometric Error of Machine Tool
- 西安交通大学学报 2021年55卷第10期页码：50-59
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  : 2021-01-18。作者简介: 栗世豪(1995—),男,硕士生;张俊(通信作者),男,教授,博士生导师。基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB1701901);西安市科技创新计划资助项目(2019121015KYPT001JC003)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202110006
  中图分类号： TH161
- 网络首发：2021-10-10，
  
  纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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栗世豪, 张俊, 唐宇阳, 等. 零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2021,55(10):50-59.

Modeling of Mapping Relationship Between Machining Error and Geometric Error of Machine Tool[J]. 2021, 55(10): 50-59.
栗世豪, 张俊, 唐宇阳, 等. 零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2021,55(10):50-59. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202110006.

Modeling of Mapping Relationship Between Machining Error and Geometric Error of Machine Tool[J]. 2021, 55(10): 50-59. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202110006.

摘要

针对机床几何误差与零件误差映射关系建模方法并未考虑刀具在加工过程中各个点位的位置偏差与姿态偏差的问题

以三轴机床为研究对象

首先利用多体系统运动学理论

建立机床刀尖点误差与刀轴矢量误差模型。然后利用单基站激光跟踪仪多次测量的方法

结合误差分离算法

辨识得到了机床的21项几何误差项

并对18项与位置有关的误差项进行拟合

构建了完整的典型三轴机床工作空间误差场。最后以凸台宽度、平面度、孔轴线位置度等典型特征

结合加工轨迹

建立起机床几何误差与尺寸误差、形状误差和位置误差的映射关系

并进行了相应的实验验证。实验结果表明:凸台宽度误差与机床刀尖点在该处的几何误差有关

11个点位的凸台宽度误差测量值与计算值相差在5 μm以内; “之”字型铣削平面度误差分析要先进行刀具轨迹离散化

然后将刀具圆周离散化

计算刀具圆周含有误差的点

通过点位筛选原则

选择真正属于加工表面的点

对这些点利用最小二乘法计算平面度

平面度误差计算值与测量值相差2 μm以内; 孔轴线位置度误差分析要考虑钻孔过程中不同位置处刀尖点误差与刀轴姿态误差

以二者为基础构建孔轴线方程

通过代入检测平面的高度以获取相应高度处圆心偏差

孔轴线位置度误差计算值与测量值相差5 μm以内。

Abstract

At present

the modeling method of geometric error and the accuracy of parts does not consider tool's position deviation and gesture deviation in machining. In order to establish a mapping relationship between geometric error and part error that conforms with machining process and realize the prediction of the part machining error a three-axis machine tool is used as the research object. Firstly

the model of tool position error and tool axis vector error of machine tool are established by using the theory of multi-body system dynamics. Then

the geometric error data of machine tool are identified by using laser tracker and 21 errors of machine tool are obtained

and 18 errors related to position are fitted to build an error space of machine tool. Finally

the typical part features such as part width

flatness

and hole axis position error are selected combined with the moving path of the cutter in machining

and the model between the machine tool geometric error and the part features is established. The accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that part width error is related to the geometric error of the tool tip

and the differences between measured value and calculated value of part width at 11 points are within 5 μm; the zigzag milling flatness error analysis needs to discretize the tool path firstly

then discretize the tool circle and calculate the point error of the tool circle

finally select the points that belong to the machining face and calculate the flatness error by using the least square method with those points

and the difference between the measured value and calculated value of flatness error is within 2 μm; the position error of hole axis analysis needs to consider the tool tip error and the tool axis error at different positions during the drilling process

then establish the hole equation with those two

and finally obtain the error of the center of circle in corresponding plane by substituting the height value of the measurement plane into the equation. The difference between measured value and calculated value of the position error of hole axis is within 5 μm.

关键词

Keywords

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