应用激波降噪机理的炮口消声器设计及试验验证

闫艳艳 1; 路宽 1; 王峰 2; 高鑫 2; 吴九汇 1

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb201804005

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应用激波降噪机理的炮口消声器设计及试验验证

更新时间：2025-07-09

- 应用激波降噪机理的炮口消声器设计及试验验证
- Design and Experimental Verification of Muzzle Silencer Following Mechanism of Noise Reduction by Shock Wave
- 西安交通大学学报 2018年52卷第4期页码：31-39
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb201804005
  中图分类号： TB535
- 网络首发：2018-04-10，
  
  纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
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闫艳艳 1, 路宽 1, 王峰 2, 等. 应用激波降噪机理的炮口消声器设计及试验验证[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2018,52(4):31-39.

Design and Experimental Verification of Muzzle Silencer Following Mechanism of Noise Reduction by Shock Wave[J]. 2018, 52(4): 31-39.
闫艳艳 1, 路宽 1, 王峰 2, 等. 应用激波降噪机理的炮口消声器设计及试验验证[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2018,52(4):31-39. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201804005.

Design and Experimental Verification of Muzzle Silencer Following Mechanism of Noise Reduction by Shock Wave[J]. 2018, 52(4): 31-39. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201804005.

摘要

针对火炮的膛口噪声问题

提出了一种基于激波降噪机理的消声方法

利用超声速气流经过激波后总压降低、可用能量降低的特点来降低膛口噪声声功率

进而设计了一种膛口消声器

通过扩张段增加马赫数、收缩段产生激波可以不断降低火药燃气的可用能量

达到降低膛口噪声的目的。建立消声器的数值计算模型及仿真分析

研究了消声器内部的流体流动情况及激波形成过程

以炮口及消声器出口的总压降低情况分析了消声器的降噪效果

并设置外部监测点检测外部压力场的变化

最后通过试验验证消声器降噪效果。结果表明:基于激波降噪机理设计的消声器可降低膛口噪声19 dB左右

且试验降噪量与采用总压降低量进行分析的降噪效果基本一致

证明了应用激波特性降低噪声以及采用总压降低量分析消声器降噪效果的可行性。研究内容为消声器设计提供了一种新思路

为炮口噪声的降低提供了理论及工程指导。

Abstract

In view of the artillery muzzle noise

a noise elimination scheme is proposed based on shock wave characteristics to reduce muzzle noise acoustical power by virtue of lowered total pressure and mechanical energy of supersonic airflow after passing through shock wave. Then

a new muzzle silencer is designed. By heightening Mach number in divergent section of airflow and forming shock wave in contracted section

the mechanical energy of gunpowder gas is weakened to accomplish the reduction of muzzle noise. The fluid flow condition and the formation of shock waves inside the muffler is discussed via establishment of a numerical model and simulation of the new muffler

and the noise reduction effect of the silencer is analyzed according to the reduction degree of total pressure in muzzle and muffler exhaust plane. An external monitoring point is set up to detect the change of the external pressure field. Experiments verify the noise reduction effect of the new muffler and show that the muzzle silencer designed following the mechanism of noise reduction by shock wave can reduce muzzle noise by about 19 dB

which coincides with the theoretic result by the total pressure reduction scheme. Thus

reducing muzzle noise by shock wave and adopting the reduction degree of total pressure to analyze the noise reduction effect of a silencer are feasible.

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references

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