水液压微型阻尼孔的流量特性和气蚀特性

杨友胜; 陈宇琪; 秦彬

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb201802018

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水液压微型阻尼孔的流量特性和气蚀特性

更新时间：2025-07-09

- 水液压微型阻尼孔的流量特性和气蚀特性
- Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of Micro Damping Orifices in Water Hydraulics
- 西安交通大学学报 2018年52卷第2期页码：118-124
- 作者机构：
  
  中国海洋大学工程学院,山东,青岛,266100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  : 2017-06-14。作者简介: 杨友胜(1976—),男,副教授。基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275495,51475197,51708528);山东省重点研究发展计划资助项目(2017GGX30106);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(201562009)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb201802018
  中图分类号： TH137
- 网络首发：2018-02-10，
  
  纸质出版：2018
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
杨友胜, 陈宇琪, 秦彬. 水液压微型阻尼孔的流量特性和气蚀特性[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2018,52(2):118-124.

Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of Micro Damping Orifices in Water Hydraulics[J]. 2018, 52(2): 118-124.
杨友胜, 陈宇琪, 秦彬. 水液压微型阻尼孔的流量特性和气蚀特性[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2018,52(2):118-124. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201802018.

Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of Micro Damping Orifices in Water Hydraulics[J]. 2018, 52(2): 118-124. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201802018.

摘要

针对水的汽化压力高、黏度低等特殊理化特性

油液压阻尼孔设计理论应用于水液压元件设计会产生较大误差且现有水液压元件实验存在阻尼孔直径过大、压力过低等问题

设计了水液压微型阻尼孔元件(孔径d≤1 mm)

并对其流量特性、气蚀特性等水力学特性进行仿真和实验研究。实验结果验证了仿真模型的正确性

平均流量误差为5.22%

流量系数误差小于15%; 仿真研究了气穴现象产生的规律

无论有无背压

阻尼孔气穴现象首先在进口部位产生

并随着两端压差的增大向出口推移; 仿真和实验研究了特征尺寸及背压对微型阻尼孔流量特性和气蚀特性的影响

阻尼孔的流量与孔径及长径比呈非线性关系

有背压时

阻尼孔的流量大于无背压时的流量

流量系数亦高于无背压时的流量系数

且流量饱和现象比无背压时明显。大孔径的阻尼孔相对于小孔径的阻尼孔更易发生气穴现象

相同孔径下

长径比l/d=7的阻尼孔抗气蚀效果最优。提高背压有利于抑制气穴现象发生。在设计微型阻尼孔时

可选取小孔径、长径比l/d=7的阻尼孔

增加背压可以减少气穴现象对阻尼孔的侵蚀和破坏。

Abstract

Due to the special physical and chemical properties of the low viscosity and high saturated vapor pressure of water

the design theory of oil hydraulic damping orifice for water one will produce greater deviation and the existing water hydraulic components experiment has the problems of damping orifice diameter being too large

the water pressure being too low and so on. Numerical simulation and experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the flow and cavitation characteristics of water hydraulic damping orifices with diameter≤1 mm. The experimental results verify the correctness of the simulation model

the average flow error is 5.22%

and the flow coefficient error is less than 15%. The discipline of cavitation phenomenon has been studied by numerical simulation

and it is found that the cavitation first occurs at the inlet of orifices and then shifts to the outlet gradually with the increase of the pressure difference. The effects of characteristic size and backpressure on the flow characteristics and cavitation characteristics of micro-damping orifices have been studied by numerical simulation and experiments

and it is found that the flow rate of the damping orifice is nonlinear with the diameter and the length to diameter ratio. The flow coefficient and the flow rate through the damping orifice with backpressure are greater than those without the backpressure

and the flow saturation phenomenon is more pronounced than that without backpressure; cavitation is more prone to happen in the damping orifice with a larger diameter

and the damping orifice with length to diameter ratio l/d=7 has the best anti-cavitation ability. Obviously

increasing the backpressure can improve the anti-cavitation ability. In the design of micro-damping orifice

a small diameter and aspect ratio l/d=7 damping orifice can be selected. Increasing the backpressure can reduce the erosion and damage to the damping hole by cavitation.

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