数控机床几何精度的位姿测量原理

李海涛 1; 郭俊杰 1; 邓玉芬 1; 王金栋 2; 何欣荣 3; 王兴 1

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb201611010

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数控机床几何精度的位姿测量原理

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- 数控机床几何精度的位姿测量原理
- Pose Measuring Principle of Geometric Accuracy of Numerical Control Machine Tools
- 西安交通大学学报 2016年50卷第11期页码：62-68
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安,710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  : 2016-04-12。作者简介: 李海涛(1987—),男,博士生;郭俊杰(通信作者),男,教授。基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51305370);国家科技重大专项资金资助项目(2015ZX04005001)
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb201611010
  中图分类号： TH161.21
- 网络首发：2016-11-10，
  
  纸质出版：2016
- 稿件说明：
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李海涛 1, 郭俊杰 1, 邓玉芬 1, 等. 数控机床几何精度的位姿测量原理[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016,50(11):62-68.

Pose Measuring Principle of Geometric Accuracy of Numerical Control Machine Tools[J]. 2016, 50(11): 62-68.
李海涛 1, 郭俊杰 1, 邓玉芬 1, 等. 数控机床几何精度的位姿测量原理[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016,50(11):62-68. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201611010.

Pose Measuring Principle of Geometric Accuracy of Numerical Control Machine Tools[J]. 2016, 50(11): 62-68. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb201611010.

摘要

为了获得数控机床全部的几何误差信息

根据激光跟踪仪的三维空间测量特性

提出一种数控机床几何精度位姿测量原理和几何误差分离原理。借助于一台固定安装于机床上的数控精密转台和一台激光跟踪仪获得机床运动轴的位姿信息

然后辨识出机床各项几何误差。首先

详细描述了位姿测量方法的基本原理

给出了平动轴误差测量数学模型

包括测量点、基点空间坐标的标定原理以及姿态偏差的获取步骤; 然后

根据解析几何知识先后分离出3项转角几何误差和3项位置几何误差

并综合得出单个运动轴6项几何误差分离模型; 最后通过数值模拟、测量实验以及对比实验验证了该原理的可行性和准确性。实验表明

采用位姿测量原理可以在2 h内实现一台3轴高速数控铣床的精度检测

并准确分离出各项误差。位姿测量原理具有很高的测量精度与效率

解决了基点标定难题

且标定精度更容易提高。该原理为数控机床精度检测提供了一种新的思路

应用前景广阔。

Abstract

In order to obtain all geometric errors of numerical control(NC)machine tool

according to the 3D measurement characteristic of laser tracker

the pose measurement principle for geometric accuracy detection of machine tool and separation principle for geometric error are developed. By means of NC precise turntable fixed on machine tool and a laser tracker

the pose information of translational axis can be calculated

then the geometric errors are determined. First

the pose measurement principle and measurement mathematical model of linear axis are developed in details

including calibration principle of measuring points and base stations

and the acquisition procedures of pose deviation. Then

the three angular errors and three linear errors are identified successively and geometrically

and the comprehensive error identification model for single axis is determined. At last

the feasibility and veracity are verified by simulation experiment

measurement experiment and comparative experiment. Results of experiments show that the proposed method is able to complete the precision detection of a 3-axis milling machine within 2 h

and the errors are identified successfully. This measurement principle has short measurement time and high precision

and solve the calibration problem of base station with higher precision. The pose measurement principle provides a new method for machine tool error detection with an extensive application prospect.

关键词

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references

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