回转误差双目视觉的测量方法

孙岩辉; 于欣萍; 赵强强; 吕景祥; 张弛; 惠记庄; 李小虎; 洪军

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回转误差双目视觉的测量方法

更新时间：2026-03-26

- 回转误差双目视觉的测量方法
- A Binocular Visual Measurement Method for Rotational Errors
- 西安交通大学学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室，710064，西安
  2.秦川机床工具集团股份公司，721008，陕西宝鸡
  3.西安交通大学机械工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：***************
  中图分类号： TH161+.21
- 收稿：2025-11-05，
  
  修回：2026-03-24，
  
  录用：2026-03-26，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
孙岩辉, 于欣萍, 赵强强, 等. 回转误差双目视觉的测量方法[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026.

SUN Yanhui, YU XinPing, ZHAO Qiangqiang, et al. A Binocular Visual Measurement Method for Rotational Errors[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026.
孙岩辉, 于欣萍, 赵强强, 等. 回转误差双目视觉的测量方法[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报, 2026. DOI： ***************.

SUN Yanhui, YU XinPing, ZHAO Qiangqiang, et al. A Binocular Visual Measurement Method for Rotational Errors[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2026. DOI： ***************.

摘要

针对现有回转误差测量方法调试复杂、结果单一等问题，提出基于双目视觉的绝对坐标测量方法，实现了精密旋转轴系五自由度回转误差的精准同步测量。采用双目视觉系统，捕捉靶标随轴系运动的图像信息，通过亚像素级边缘检测、最小二乘中心拟合及三维坐标重建，精准获取靶标球心在世界坐标系中的绝对坐标轨迹；以靶标轴线平均线为参考构建评价坐标系，提出面向绝对坐标轨迹的回转误差评价模型，实现了对精密旋转轴系回转误差的量化评估。研究结果表明：不同转速下，所提方法测得的各项回转误差均能与对比方法良好吻合，径向回转误差最大测量偏差为5.3 μm，偏差百分比为18.5%；轴向回转误差最大测量偏差为1.5 μm，偏差百分比为11.8%；倾斜回转误差最大测量偏差为0.004 1 °，偏差百分比为8.1%。各项测量偏差均在估算的测量不确定度范围内，这表明本文提出的双目视觉测量方法具有较高可靠性。该研究为旋转轴系几何精度特性监测提供了一种解决方案。

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of complex adjustment and limited outcomes of existing rotational error measurement methods

an absolute coordinate measurement method based on binocular vision is proposed to realize the accurate and synchronous measurement of the five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) rotational errors of precision rotary axes. A binocular vision system is adopted to capture the images of the target moving with the rotary axis

and the absolute coordinate trajectories of the target's spherical centers in the world coordinate system is accurately obtained through sub-pixel edge detection

least square center fitting and three-dimensional coordinate reconstruction. An evaluation coordinate system is constructed referencing the axis average line of the target

and a rotational error evaluation model for the absolute coordinate trajectory is proposed to achieve the quantitative evaluation of the rotational errors of the precision rotary axis. The results show that all rotational errors measured by the proposed method at different rotational speeds are in good agreement with those of the comparison method: the maximum measurement deviation of radial rotational error is 5.3 μm with a deviation percentage of 18.5%; the maximum measurement deviation of axial rotational error is 1.5 μm with a deviation percentage of 11.8%; the maximum measurement deviation of tilt rotational error is 0.004 1° with a deviation percentage of 8.1%. All measurement deviations fall within the estimated range of measurement uncertainty

indicating that the proposed binocular vision measurement method has high reliability. This research provides a solution for the geometric accuracy measurement of rotary axes.

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