The three-dimensional direct numerical simulation is performed to study the deposition behavior of a liquid droplet with low impact energy impinging on a spherical surface. The numerical approach is presented by the combination of the level set and the immersed boundary method. The pseudo single fluid model is used to compute the flow field within the droplet and the surrounding gas phase. The level set technique is employed to capture the droplet deformation

and the immersed boundary method with a modified direct forcing scheme is proposed to treat the curved solid boundary in fluid with a fixed Cartesian mesh. The effects of impact velocity and curvature radius of spherical surface are investigated on the deposition behavior of a droplet with the Weber number of 5-100 and the Reynolds number of 10-150. The results show that the droplet with low impact energy undergoes spreading

recoiling

weak re-spreading

weak re-recoiling and ultimately depositing on the spherical surface. Moreover

the spreading rate and the spreading area increase with the increase in impact velocity at the early stage of the droplet deposition while the spreading area decreases with the increase in the curvature radius of spherical surface. In addition

a local breakage occurs at the center of the droplet collision with a spherical surface during the first recoiling stage. The breakage regime map of the relation between the local breakage and the curvature radius of spherical surface is also established.