采用界面工程实现材料超常力学性能研究

丁向东; 李苏植; 李恒; 张祯; 孙军

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采用界面工程实现材料超常力学性能研究

西安交通大学自然科学优秀成果 | 更新时间：2025-12-11

- 采用界面工程实现材料超常力学性能研究
- Engineering Interface Contact Quality for Superior Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- 西安交通大学学报 2025年
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院，金属材料强度全国重点实验室，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
  
  丁向东教授
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TB303
- 收稿：2025-09-26，
  
  修回：2025-11-14，
  
  录用：2025-12-04，
- 稿件说明：
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丁向东, 李苏植, 李恒, 等. 采用界面工程实现材料超常力学性能研究[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025.

DING Xiangdong, LI Suzhi, LI Heng, et al. Engineering Interface Contact Quality for Superior Mechanical Behavior of Materials[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2025.
丁向东, 李苏植, 李恒, 等. 采用界面工程实现材料超常力学性能研究[J/OL]. 西安交通大学学报, 2025. DOI：

DING Xiangdong, LI Suzhi, LI Heng, et al. Engineering Interface Contact Quality for Superior Mechanical Behavior of Materials[J/OL]. JOURNAL OF XI’AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, 2025. DOI：

摘要

材料中广泛存在着不同类型的微观界面，界面的相对滑动伴随着晶格匹配、局域钉扎等诸多方面的演化，将诱发丰富的界面动态效应，对材料的力学行为产生重要影响。如何从调控界面的动态演化行为以大幅度提升材料的力学性能，一直是领域内研究的难点和热点。西安交通大学孙军、丁向东创新团队以实现材料的超常力学行为和高性能化为目标，提出了“接触品质”新概念并给予了定量表征，从“接触界面、晶内畴界面、晶内滑移面”三方面，研究了接触品质主导的界面动态演化中的微观机制，取得了开创性成果。首先，提出了“接触品质”新概念，揭示出二维材料奇特摩擦行为的微观机理，进而利用面内应变大幅度调控摩擦力，实现了二维材料的超低摩擦；其次，发现梯度应变能够降低晶内界面的接触品质，诱发畴界或相界的连续翻转，在低韧性金属和脆性陶瓷材料中实现了具有可回复性大应变的超弹性；最后，利用加剧的化学成分起伏增加位错滑移面接触品质，显著降低了位错滑移的平均速度，在纳米晶合金中实现了超高强塑性。该文以界面接触品质概念为切入点，发现和揭示了一种获得材料超常力学效应的新途径。

Abstract

There are various solid-solid interfaces in materials

such as contacting surfaces

domain walls

phase boundaries

and dislocation glide planes. Under external load

the contact state can strongly affect the dynamic property of interfaces and thereby determine the mechanical behavior of materials. As such

how to effectively tune the contact state of the interface in order to significantly improve mechanical properties remains a cutting-edge research topic in materials science. To address this issue

we propose a new concept termed contact quality that can describe both the geometric and physical properties of an interface. This concept was applied to three representative types of interfaces as contacting surfaces

domain walls

and phase boundaries

and dislocation slip planes. First

the contact quality was introduced for characterizing interfacial interlocking coherence (geometric property) and local pinning strength (physical property). It revealed that the friction of 2D materials is governed by the contact quality. By applying in-plane tensile strain to the graphene to lower the contact quality

a superlubricity with a friction coefficient of < 0.001 was achieved. Secondly

triggering and modulating the superelasticity of materials was achieved by regulating the contact quality of domain and phase boundaries via strain gradient. It enabled non-hysteretic superelasticity in shape memory alloys and superelastic behaviors with reversible twining deformation in body-centered-cubic metals. Eventually

by introducing a strong compositional undulation into nanograins

the contact quality of the dislocation slip plane was modulated with reduced dislocation speed and improved tensile ductility. A new nanocrystalline alloy with ultrahigh strength and good ductility was developed. This work demonstrated new strategies for designing advanced materials by engineering interface contact quality.

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references

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