为开发汽油压燃(GCI)发动机可靠冷启动技术,采用实验和数值模拟结合方法研究了汽油、乙醚及其掺混燃料(掺混比为10%~50%)在不同工况下的喷雾发展及蒸发特性。结果表明,可视化实验及数值模拟获得的喷雾宏观形貌及液相截面落点分布结果吻合良好,且随着乙醚掺混比例的增加,喷雾贯穿距离与喷雾锥角增加幅度最高分别可达20%、10%
喷雾的粒径略有减小,但喷雾的蒸发程度明显增大;基于挂滴法开展的燃料液滴蒸发特性实验证实了乙醚掺混对于掺混燃料的蒸发具有显著促进作用;相同工况下,不同掺混百分比的掺混燃料的蒸发速率均先增大后减小,相比于汽油能够更快达到峰值,并且随着乙醚掺混比的提高,燃料喷雾蒸发速率得到了明显提高。结合实验与模拟研究结果,认为通过掺混高活性的乙醚,在提高汽油燃料雾化质量的同时,能够大幅提升燃油的蒸发速率,从而帮助提高缸内可燃混合气的形成质量,有望克服GCI发动机冷启动性能差的缺点。
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