针对目前超临界溶剂热合成纳米磷酸铁锂(LiFePO
4
)的晶体生长机制及反应参数影响规律尚不明确的问题,采用超临界溶剂热合成方法在340~400℃反应温度下制备了平均粒径为68~85 nm的LiFePO
4
粉体,表征并分析了产物的晶体结构及粒径等性能,评估了超临界乙醇中纳米LiFePO
4
晶体生长过程表观活化能及生长机制,并建立了纳米LiFePO
4
晶体生长动力学。结果表明,纳米LiFePO
4
在超临界溶剂中的生长过程对其最终尺寸起主导作用,且生长过程受表面反应控制,符合多核控制的二阶生长动力学。纳米LiFePO
4
产物的电化学性能测试表明,在400℃下获得的样品在0.1C(C为电池充放电倍率)倍率下的初始放电比容量达到153.5 mA·h/g
放电倍率提高至5C时容量保持率为68.3%。在340℃反应温度下:所得产物中的杂质(Li
3
Fe
2
(PO
4
)
3
和Fe
3
(PO
4
)
2
)导致电池出现了严重的极化效应;在高速充放电下,容量严重衰减,5C倍率容量保持率仅为46.9%。本研究揭示了超临界溶剂热合成纳米LiFePO
4
晶体的生长机制,可为后续工艺参数优化及工业化应用提供理论支撑。
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