针对新一代发动机热防护所采用的再生主动冷却技术中的传热问题,对超临界压力下碳氢化合物的传热特性进行了实验研究。利用主流温度、内壁温度、传热系数等划分指标,量化了正常传热、传热强化、传热弱化3个阶段的区间划分;定义超临界压力下发生传热弱化时对应的热流密度为极限热流密度,对其影响因素进行研究,发现压力越高、质量流量越大、加热入口温度越低,极限热流密度越高;采用拟沸腾数对极限热流密度进行表征,并发现拟沸腾数与入口温度和压力相关,与雷诺数弱相关;基于实验数据,采用量纲分析方法得到综合影响因素下极限热流密度的预测公式,数据预测偏差在±10%以内。该研究结果可用于预测传热弱化现象的发生,为飞行器换热结构设计提供理论依据,进而保证飞行器整体的安全运行。
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