针对阶梯型迷宫密封转子动力特性受进口预旋影响的问题,提出了考虑进口预旋的阶梯型迷宫密封动力特性计算方法。基于Murphy小位移涡动原理建立气流激振力-转子位移-转子速度的控制方程;采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对不同预旋比的全环密封流道进行计算,通过频域内求解控制方程得到了刚度和阻尼等动力特性参数,研究了不同预旋比的情况下阶梯型迷宫密封的动力特性;绘制了流道内的压力分布和流速矢量图,研究了阶梯型迷宫密封的流场特性。数值仿真结果表明:随着预旋比的增加,直接刚度在低频部分增大,在高频部分减小,交叉刚度几乎不变,交叉阻尼随预旋增加而减小;气流预旋明显降低了直接阻尼,相较于预旋比λ=0的情况,λ=0.255及λ=0.516的工况下直接阻尼的预估值平均减小了16.9%和21.4%;随着节流次数增加,气流经过密封齿的压降逐渐增加,分别为0.25、0.374和0.499 MPa
密封齿顶的流速也逐渐增加,分别为79.5、88.36和106.0 m/s;由于密封齿阶梯式的排列增加了主流道的复杂性,阶梯密封流道分为节流区、射流区和涡流区,涡流区2个转向相反的旋涡增加了流道内气流动能的耗散。
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