最新刊期
卷 60 ， 期 6 ， 2026
- 摘要：Anion exchange membranes（AEMs），as core components of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers（AEMWEs）and anion exchange membrane fuel cells（AEMFCs），commonly suffer from limited ion conductivity，facile degradation of functional groups，insufficient alkaline stability，and more，which severely restrict the long-term stable operation of the related electrochemical devices. In recent years，the research on alkali-doped AEMs has become a hit because their ion conduction processes are not reliant on organic cationic functional groups and consequently exhibit enhanced alkaline stability and ionic conductivity.The properties of materials commonly used in the preparation of alkali-doped AEMs，including polybenzimidazole（PBI），graphene oxide（GO），and layered double hydroxides（LDH），are systematically reviewed. With respect to ion conduction，it is indicated that PBI primarily depends on adsorption of KOH at organic nitrogen sitesandonformationofa KOH-inducedhydrophilicnetworktoenable OH-conduction，whereas GO and LDH promote ion migration through hydrophilic regions formed by interactions between their surface functional groups and KOH；the ion migration mechanisms of all three materials are analogous to the Grotthuss mechanism.Regarding performance optimization，the influences of key parameters such as operating temperature，alkali species，alkali loading，alkali concentration，alkali-soaking duration，and ion transport pathways are summarized.It is demonstrated that，the immersion of alkali-doped AEMs in 8 mol/L of KOH for 6 days yields an optimal treatment effect.Moreover，by rational membrane structure design，alkali loading can be increased and ion transport pathways can be optimized，resulting in significant enhancement of membrane ionic conductivity.Recent research advances on the application of alkali-doped AEMs in AEMWEs and AEMFCs are reviewed，and future development directions are envisaged.This study is expected to provide a useful reference for the development and preparation of alkali-doped AEMs.关键词：anion exchange membrane;fuel cell;electrolyzer143|40|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：Electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（HMF）to 2，5-furandicarboxylic acid（FDCA）is not only a green and economically attractive route，but can also substitute the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction to couple with the hydrogen evolution reaction during water electrolysis，thereby reducing overall energy consumption while yielding value-added chemicals.The development of high-performance electrocatalysts is recognized as the key to achieving efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA.In this review，recent research progress on catalysts for the electrooxidation of HMF（HMFOR）to FDCA is summarized，with particular emphasis placed on structure-activity relationships and optimization strategies of catalysts.Firstly，the reaction pathways of HMFOR and two electrochemical oxidation mechanisms are detailed.Secondly，research advancesin noble-metal-based and transition-metal-based electrocatalysts are systematically reviewed；the promotion mechanisms associated with different metal elements in HMFOR are mainly analyzed，and their structure-activity relationships are clarified.Thirdly，optimization strategies for electrocatalyst performance are examined in depth，including regulation of surface reconstruction，balancing of surface adsorption，construction of synergistic catalytic architectures，and acceleration of proton transfer.Finally，the principal challenges and future directions for the development of efficient HMFOR catalysts are summarized and envisaged from the perspectives of dynamic mechanisms，reaction stability，device integration，and system coupling.This review is intended to provide theoretical guidance and useful insights for the design and development of efficient electrocatalysts，for further elucidation of reaction mechanisms，and for promoting the value-added conversion of biomass resources.关键词：electrooxidation;5-hydroxymethylfurfural;electrocatalyst;2，5-furandicarboxylic acid;structure-activity relationship47|12|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：In response to the rapid decay of capacity and average voltage due to large-volume structural evolution and Na+/vacancy ordering that occur in the traditional P2-type layered transition metal oxide Na2/3 Ni1/3 Mn2/3 O2 during electrochemical reaction，a dual-ion doping strategy was employed tointroduce Li+ and Fe3+ intothelattice，yieldingasynthetic P2-typecathodematerial Na0.75 Li0.1 Ni0.2 Fe0.05 Mn0.65 O2 .Systematic electrochemical tests，structural and morphological characterization，and density functional theory calculations were conducted to analyze the crystal structure evolution，electrochemical performance，charge compensation mechanism，and dynamic structural evolution mechanism of the cathode material.The results showed that the designed cathode material delivered a reversible capacity of 133.5 mA·h·g-1 within 2.2～4.4 V，a working voltage of 3.5 V，excellent cycling stability（capacity retention of 92.4% after 100 cycles）and good rate performance（reversible capacity of 99.4 mA·h·g-1 at 5C）.The synergy between Li+ and Fe3+ enabled joint participation of cations and anions in redox processes，modified the local electronic structure of the material，and alleviated the oxygen interlayer repulsion at deep state of charge.As a result，irreversible large-volume phase transitions within high voltage sections were transformed into reversible structural changes，Na+/vacancy ordering was suppressed，and the structural stability of the material was thereby improved.This study demonstrates that dual-ion doping can be used to optimize the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials，providing a reference for the development of sodium-ion batteries with higher energy density and longer cycle life.关键词：sodium-ion battery;dual-ion doping;electrochemical performance;structural evolution73|11|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：In light of unclear structure-performance relationships among different types of electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery（VRFB）and the difficulty in balancing mass transfer and electrochemical performance，carbonaceous electrodes，including graphite felt，carbon cloth，and electrospun carbon fibers（ECFs），were studied to elucidate their structure-performance relationships and explore the coupling mechanism between concentration and current density fields.First，the three electrode types were characterized and key parameters affecting electrode performance were identified.Second，the influence laws of electrode type and thickness on battery performance were examined，and the structure-performance relationships between electrode properties and battery performance were clarified.Finally，the coupling mechanism between concentration and current density fields was analyzed，further revealing the electrode optimization mechanism.The findings are as follows：Graphite felt possessed the highest permeability while ECFs exhibited the largest specific surface area.Under a 2 cm×2 cm test area，the optimal thicknesses of graphite felt，ECFs，and carbon cloth were 2.0，0.8，and 1.5 mm，respectively.Carbon cloth was observed to exhibit excellent electrical conductivity，hydrophilicity，and electrochemical reversibility，and，owing to its moderate permeability and specific surface area，to effectively coordinate the concentration and current density fields.Moreover，with increasing electrode thickness，carbon cloth demonstrated a high degree of coordinated transport from the under-rib region toward the membrane side. Consequently，it was determined that the energy efficiency of a VRFB with carbon cloth at a current density of 50 mA·cm-2 exceeded those of graphite felt and ECFs by 6.27%and 36.74%，respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis and design concepts for the development of VRFB electrodes that offer both mass transfer and electrochemical performance.关键词：vanadium redox flow battery;carbon electrode;structure-performance relationship;coupling mechanism35|13|0更新时间：2026-06-12
Special Topic Electrochemical Materials
- 摘要：To address reliability degradation of equipment due to reduced dielectric strength of polyimide materials used in special equipment under X-ray irradiation，an improved bipolar carrier transport model was developed to analyze the carrier transport mechanism of polyimide exposed to radiation.The carrier excitation rate was incorporated into the source term of the continuity equation to characterize electron-hole pair excitation process induced by X-ray irradiation.Using the high-precision solution algorithm of partial differential equations，numerical simulations of space charge and total current density of polyimide were performed under bias electric field intensities of 20-100 kV·mm-1 and X-ray radiation dose rates of 0-10 Gy·s-1.The results showed that，larger bias electric fields and higher radiation dose rates led to greater space charge accumulation within the polyimide.Under X-ray irradiation at different dose rates，the polarity of the accumulated charge was observed to reverse from negative to positive，and the accumulated charge density was positively correlated with the dose rate，reaching a maximum of 41.2 C·m-3 . The total current density of the polyimide materials was found to increase with time following a power-law relation before approaching a steady state；the power-law exponent under irradiation decreased with increasing dose rate but remained larger than that without irradiation.In the absence of irradiation，the steady-state value of current density grew from 1.1×10-9 A·m-2 to 7.9×10-8 A·m-2 as the bias electric field increased，and a segmented power-law exponent dependence between the steady-state value of current density and the bias electric field was identified.At a fixed bias electric field，the steady-state value of current density was proportional to the irradiation dose rate and could increase up to 1.2×10-5 A·m-2 as dose rate rose.The study provides a reference for the simulation of X-ray radiation effect on dielectric materials.关键词：bipolar carrier transport;carrier excitation rate;space charge;numerical simulation;radiation effect28|21|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To evaluate the deep charging level of spacecraft dielectrics in complex space radiation environments，numerical calculations of deep electric field distributions in the dielectric under mixed radiation of high-energy electrons and protons were performed.A GEANT4-COMSOL coupled charging evaluation method was proposed by combining Monte Carlo particle radiation and numerical simulation of electric field using FEM.A 4 mm-thick slab model for spacecraft polyimide was established，and charge deposition，energy-deposition distributions of incident charged particles in the dielectric，as well as nonlinear dark conductivity and radiation-induced conductivity in the dielectric were taken into account.Using the coupled charging evaluation method，distributions of potential and electric field intensity were calculated for polyimide dielectric exposed to mixed radiation of monoenergetic electrons and protons in five different energy-combination sets.Furthermore，electric field distortion characteristics were evaluated under mixed radiation of electrons and protons with energy spectrum at three typical locations in the sun-synchronous orbit（i.e.，the Antarctic region，45°N，and the equator）.The study results indicate that，under mixed radiation of monoenergetic electrons and protons in different energy sets，differences in charge deposition depth between electrons and protons produce a“double-peaked”electric field profile；under mixed radiation of electrons and protons with energy spectrum in sun-synchronous orbit，the maximum electric field intensities at the three typical locations were 0.372，0.196，and 0.210 MV·m-1，respectively，with the Antarctic region exhibiting the highest electric field intensity in the dielectric.The electric field distributions under mixed irradiation of electrons and protons demonstrate that the electric field distortion characteristics in the dielectric induced by the two charge species-manifesting as either enhancement or attenuation-are characterized by complex radiation depth-dependent distributions，and that，under specific radiation and latitudinal conditions，the resulting dielectric charging may reach levels that pose serious hazard risks.关键词：GEANT4-COMSOL coupled charging evaluation method;electron;proton;sunsynchronous orbit;mixed radiation;electric field distortion32|13|0更新时间：2026-06-12
Special Topic Polyimide Radiation Effects Study
- 摘要：The aero-engine is the “power heart”of aero-equipment.Its high-temperature structures（e.g.，turbine blades and combustors）may suffer damage or failure when exposed to extreme conditions such as high temperature，high pressure，and intense vibration，which will directly threaten the operational safety of aero-equipment.These structures constitute one of the key bottlenecks that constrain the evolution of aero-equipment towards stealth，hypersonic capability，and extended service life.First，from the perspectives of intelligent sensing，detection and evaluation，and advanced testing，the research and application progress on damage detection for high-temperature structures of aero-engines is reviewed.Next，research advances on the damage detection of high-temperature structures of aero-engines are summarized in terms of periodic aeroengine inspection and interpretation of flight-parameter bus data，and innovative applications of novel detection methods to high-temperature structures of aero-engines are introduced；furthermore，existing application studies that employ data-driven approaches for early damage identification and trend prediction are also summarized.Subsequently，in the model-driven domain，the integration of physics-based mechanism models and the use of intelligent algorithms to improve prediction reliability are described，and the current state of research in which machine learning and deep learning algorithms are used to synchronously process multi-source data for rapid detection of damage to high-temperature structures of aero-engines is presented.Finally，the development history of related detection and interpretation technologies is outlined，and future development trends are forecasted in light of aero-equipment application requirements.关键词：aero-engine;high-temperature structure;damage detection;data-driven;modeldriven;intelligent algorithm39|15|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address the challenges facing conventional detection methods for delamination of carbon fiber composite tubes of large deployable antennas，namely，short detection range，low efficiency，and insufficient intelligence，an intelligent quantitative evaluation method for delamination of carbon fiber composite tubes with mirror-reflection infrared thermography based on image processing and deep learning algorithms was proposed.First，the detection region was automatically identified and extracted using the Otsu algorithm，and the extracted image sequences were processed by principal component analysis to effectively suppress noise and enhance defect feature contrast.Second，a deep learning-based defect recognition and segmentation algorithm was proposed；defect regions were identified accurately and rapidly through a decision-level fusion strategy，and defect shapes were precisely segmented using a region-constrained segmentation strategy combined with a logical or aggregation algorithm.Finally，defect correction and 3D reconstruction algorithms were applied to achieve 3D visualization of the defects.Carbon fiber composite tube specimens with internal delamination were tested.The results indicated that the quantitative evaluations for defects obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with computed tomography（CT）results：the maximum error in the identified area of each defect was 7.7%and the mean error was 5.1%，both within allowable engineering tolerances，thereby validating the accuracy and effectiveness of that method.The study is expected to provide guidance for long-range，efficient，andintelligentquantitativenon-destructiveevaluationofdeployableantennacarbonfiber composite tubes.关键词：laser infrared thermography;carbon fiber composite tube;delamination defect;deep learning;image processing19|14|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address the challenge of efficiently testing the pressure tube spacing of heavy water reactors（HWRs）in nuclear power plants，a pulsed eddy current testing method for casing spacing based on parameter inversion is proposed.The method is used to test the spacing between pressure tubes and calandria tubes，as well as between calandria tubes and liquid injection shutdown system（LISS）tubes of HWRs.First，a pulsed eddy current testing model was established based on a double-layer casing to perform parameter inversion using the least squares.Next，the doublelayer casing spacing was solved via a numerical iterative algorithm，and the resulting values were directly applicable to testing variations in spacing between pressure tubes and calandria tubes. Subsequently，through experimental calibration，an exponential function relationship was fitted between the wall thickness of the outer calandria tube and the spacing between the calandria tube and LISS tube from the inversion results.Finally，the spacing between the calandria tube and LISS tube was determined using this function relationship.Experimental results show that the error for testing the spacing between the pressure tube and the calandria tube based on parameter inversion can be controlled within±0.5 mm，and that between the calandria tube and the LISS tube within±1.1 mm，meeting the accuracy requirements for on-site testing results of pressure tubes of HWRs（±1 mm for the spacing between the pressure tube and the calandria tube and ±2 mm for the spacing between the calandria tube and LISS tube）.This study provides a reliable basis for safety assessment and risk management of pressure tubes.关键词：pressure tube;casing;pulsed eddy current testing;spacing detection;parameter inversion16|13|0更新时间：2026-06-12
Special Topic Advanced Technology of Nondestructive Testing
- 摘要：Boiling heat transfer，widely applied to energy and power equipment，such as boiler water-cooled walls and nuclear reactor evaporators，is critical to their efficient operation.Accurate prediction of boiling heat transfer is therefore essential to prevent such equipment from local overheating，dry-out，over-temperature，and other abnormalities effectively.While traditional prediction models have been constrained by the challenge of coupling complex multi-physical fields，machine learning offers new ideas for addressing this challenge through data-driven modeling and intelligent analysis.First of all，the application of artificial intelligence（AI）techniques to boiling heat transfer prediction is reviewed，with recent years of work using machine learning algorithms for heat transfer coefficient prediction and bubble dynamics parameter extraction summarized.The results indicate that，although notable advantages of AI in boiling heat transfer have been demonstrated，challenges remain，including strong dependence on data，obvious “black box”nature of models，and substantial computational resource requirements.Furthermore，future research directions for machine learning in boiling heat transfer are identified，including but not limited to rapid and lowcost multiphase flow simulation，development of generalized models across different scenarios，and real-time dynamic control of heat transfer systems.Finally，it is promisingly expected that the integration of physical laws with data-driven modeling，together with the building of datasets and the provision of open-source algorithms，will be pivotal in deepening the application of AI to boiling processes，further empowering the development of efficient energy and power systems. This study can provide a reference for the application of machine learning methods to intelligent prediction，optimal design，and safety control of boiling heat transfer processes.关键词：boiling heat transfer;machine learning;heat transfer coefficient prediction35|20|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To reduce the experimental cost of reproducing lunar permanently shadowed regions on Earth and to shorten the design cycle for anin-situmining plan of water ice in lunar regolith，a variable-property numerical model was developed to simulate sublimation of water ice in lunar regolith under high-vacuum，cryogenic conditions.Based on a passive photothermal water ice mining plan and accounting for both heat transfer and pressure difference-driven sublimation，the heating，sublimation and diffusion processes during water ice mining were predicted.Spatial distributions and temporal evolutions of water ice content，temperature field and pressure field within the lunar regolith were presented，and the water ice sublimation behavior was analyzed under varying solar irradiance，water content and lunar regolith pore diameter.Results indicated that，a distinct mining plane was formed，on both sides of which temperature and pressure gradients differed markedly；pressure exhibited temporal fluctuations that were synchronous with variations in the water ice sublimation rate.The water ice sublimation rate was found to increase as solar irradiance，water content and lunar regolith pore diameter increased.Energy efficiency was observed to increase with decreasing solar irradiance，increasing water content and increasing lunar regolith pore diameter.This study comprehensively provides insight into the heat and mass transfer characteristics during water ice mining，and lays a foundation for numerical studies by integrating multiple devices for water ice mining systems.关键词：water ice in lunar regolith;heat and mass transfer;sublimation;diffusion;numerical simulation22|12|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：In response to the high computational cost associated with dynamic thermal response analysis of phase-change cooling heat exchangers（PCCHEs）composed of porous skeletons with high thermal conductivity and phase-change materials under unsteady operating conditions，an efficient reduced-order prediction model integrating proper orthogonal decomposition（POD）and a feedforward neural network（FNN）was proposed.Temperature and liquid-fraction datasets were generated by numerical simulation through coupling of an enthalpy model and a porous media model，and the thermal storage performance was further analyzed.POD was employed for order reduction，and an FNN was further trained to establish the nonlinear mapping from heat flux boundary and time to modal coefficients，enabling rapid reconstruction of the physical fields. Results show that，at a heat flux density of 7 W·cm-2，the maximum error between simulated and experimental temperatures was 8%.The use of composite porous graphite was found to significantly enhance the heat transfer capability of the PCCHEs.In the FNN，the coefficients of determination for the predicted modal coefficients of temperature and liquid fraction reached 0.999 and 0.952，respectively.After reconstruction from the reduced-order model，the maximum absolute errors of temperature and liquid fraction were 0.6℃and 0.08.Comparedwith conventional simulation methods that take several hours，the proposed method reduced prediction time to the order of seconds while maintaining computational accuracy.The study provides a novel approach for efficient analysis and real-time prediction of PCCHEs.关键词：phase-change cooling heat exchanger;enthalpy method;thermal storage performance;reduced-order model;neural network43|17|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To enhance the heat transfer performance of a double-rim squealer tip for the first-stage rotor blade in an aero-engine turbine，the squealer tip structure was optimized in this study.A Kriging surrogate model coupled with a multi-objective genetic algorithm（MOGA）was employed to optimize the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient and turbine-stage isentropic efficiency，giving rise to a turbine-stage double-rim squealer tip exhibiting favorable aero-thermal performance. Steady and unsteady numerical simulations were performed to compare and analyze the aero-thermal characteristics of the optimized double-rim squealer tip with those of a conventional squealer tip and two types of typical double-rim squealer tips.The study results showed that the optimized double-rim squealer tip featured an inner rim lower than the outer rim，and a greater inner rim height on the suction side than on the pressure side.Steady computation results indicated that，with the turbine-stage isentropic efficiency unchanged，the optimized squealer tip exhibited noticeably improved heat transfer performance，for it achieved reductions in heat transfer coefficient at the squealer bottom，in the rim area，and over the entire tip of 30.36%，2.96%，and 9.52%，respectively，relative to the conventional squealer tip.The inner rim structure was observed to effectively suppress the scale of the cavity vortex system，thereby mitigating the impingement of high-temperature leakage flow on the squealer bottom.Unsteady computation results suggested that the optimized double-rim squealer tip effectively reduced the amplitudes of temperature and pressure fluctuations within the squealer；furthermore，suppression of cavity vortex development by the optimized inner rim structure led to a 5.65%decrease in the time-averaged area-averaged heat transfer coefficient.The study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the design of first-stage rotor squealer tips in practical turbine stages.关键词：turbine stage;squealer tip;double-rim;heat transfer;optimization design;unsteady24|15|0更新时间：2026-06-12
Special Topic Multi-Scenario Heat Transfer
- 摘要：To address the low reactivity and poor flame stability of ammonia fuel in gas turbines，the catalytic cracking characteristics of ammonia were systematically investigated based on an ammonia cracking-enhanced combustion strategy for ammonia-hydrogen co-firing under milder conditions.The activities of different catalyst types under varied environmental conditions were tested，and a numerical model of porous-media catalytic cracking was established using CT reconstruction technology to reveal the influence law of structural parameters on cracking.The study results showed that temperature was the dominant factor influencing the ammonia cracking process under varied environmental conditions.An increase of 50 K was found to raise the ammonia cracking efficiency by up to 25%.Increases in inlet flow rate and ambient pressure were observed to inhibit the catalytic cracking process of ammonia.When the porosity of the reactor structure was decreased from 0.80 to 0.35，the ammonia cracking efficiency was increased by approximately 1.3%；when the specific surface area was increased from 833.3 m-1 to 2333.3 m-1，the cracking efficiency was increased by 6%.An optimal bed diameter of 71 mm was identified，and diameters larger or smaller than this value were found to degrade ammonia cracking performance.The study elucidates different factors influencing ammonia catalytic cracking.It is expected to provide a basis for the design of on-line cracking systems of ammonia fuel driven by gas turbine waste heat，thereby promoting the efficient and clean utilization of ammonia fuel in gas turbines.关键词：ammonia fuel;ammonia catalytic cracking;ammonia-hydrogen co-firing;gas turbine14|14|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：As the influence law of the pre-chamber’s structural parameters on jet and combustion characteristics in the activejet ignition system remains unclear，a numerical model for a marinejet ignition engine was established by coupling the RANS RNG turbulence model with a chemical reaction kinetics mechanism of ammonia/hydrogen fuel.With this model，the influence law of pre-chamber nozzle parameters on the mixture development process inside the pre-chamber was explored，and combustion characteristics of the engine under different nozzle parameters were clarified.Study results showed that the nozzle diameter significantly affected the mass of the mixture in the pre-chamber and the efficiency of jet energy transfer，that is，too small diameters tended to induce quenching due to throttling effects，whereas too large diameters caused mixture dilution，thus reducing combustion efficiency.The number of nozzles directly influencedjet flame propagation and interaction，too few nozzles produced insufficient flame spread，while too many induced mutual interferences between jets，energy attenuation，and reduced penetration speed. Nozzle angles that were either too small or too large led to uneven flame distribution or slowed propagation.For the pre-chamber structure in this study，a configuration with a 3 mm nozzle diameter，8 nozzles，and a 140°nozzle angle，produced the highest jet flame energy，with the peak heat release rate per unit crank angle in the main combustion chamber reaching 22.7 kJ，yielding the highest combustion efficiency.These findings may serve as both theoretical basis and practical reference for the optimized design of pre-chamber jet ignition systems used in marine engines.关键词：marine engines;ammonia/hydrogen fuel;pre-chamber;nozzle parameters;jet flames17|12|0更新时间：2026-06-12
Special Topic Combustion Control
- 摘要：To address the challenge of meeting diverse energy demands on islands while overcoming shortcomings of traditional scheduling models in balancing multi-load demands with renewable energy absorption，an optimal scheduling approach for an island integrated energy system（IIES）is proposed.The IIES incorporates 5 load types：electricity，heat energy，cold energy，water，and hydrogen. Subject to such constraints as energy balance，energy storage limits，and conversion efficiencies，an optimal scheduling model for IIES is established to minimize overall economic cost and maximize renewable energy output.To remedy deficiencies of the traditional multi-objective particle swarm optimization（MOPSO）algorithm，an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization（IMOPSO）algorithm is proposed.The improvements include introducing an adaptive inertia weight update mechanism and a dynamic adjustment strategy for flight parameters to enhance both global search and local exploitation capabilities of the algorithm.In addition，the diversity and uniform distribution of the non-dominated solution set are improved by integrating the merit-based selection mechanism of leaders and mutation operator，thereby boosting algorithmic performance.Comparative experiments using standard test functions show that the proposed IMOPSO algorithm achieves the best results on generational distance and inverted generational distance，and attains the highest hypervolume across multiple functions，demonstrating its significant advantages in diversity，distribution，and convergence.Validation for two typical daily scenarios-summer and winter-indicates that，compared with the traditional MOPSO algorithm and other comparative algorithms，the proposed IMOPSO reduces overall economic cost by more than 1.80%and 4.37%，while increasing energy output by over 18.52%and 1.60%，respectively，thereby meeting diverse energy demands on islands.关键词：island integrated energy;optimal scheduling;multi-objective optimization;improved particle swarm algorithm;renewable energy20|14|0更新时间：2026-06-12
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- 摘要：To address large localization errors that arise when idealized parameters are used to construct an equivalent model for conventional electromagnetic time reversal（EMTR）in locating partial discharges（PD）in gas-insulated switchgear（GIS），a high-precision localization method for PD in GIS using improved particle swarm optimization（IPSO）and EMTR is proposed.First，the equivalent model required for EMTR is established to enable time-reversal focusing of electromagnetic waves.Energy accumulation in the spatiotemporal domain is adopted as the focusing criterion instead of the conventional instantaneous peak field strength，substantially enhancing the stability and reliability of focal point localization.Second，energy concentration is defined as the fitness function of the IPSO algorithm；by dynamically updating the virtual-source injection positions，localization errors caused by idealized parameters for the model and deviations in virtual-source injection positions are compensated.Finally，a dynamic inertia weight strategy is introduced so that the particle swarm exhibits stronger global search capability in the early stage and progressively converges toward the neighborhood of optimal solutions in later stages，thus improving overall search performance.Simulation and experimental validations suggest that the proposed method reduces the average localization error by approximately 36%in cylindrical，T-shaped，and L-shaped GIS cavities compared with the conventional EMTR method，significantly improving PD source localization accuracy.关键词：gas-insulated switchgear;localization of partial discharge;electromagnetic time reversal;energy accumulation;improved particle swarm optimization13|11|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address safety risk assessment challenges arising from unclear mechanisms of electrostatic accumulation and undefined current density distribution characteristics during liquid hydrogen pipeline transportation，the laws of electrostatic accumulation during transportation were revealed by numerical simulation.A multiphysics coupling simulation model comprising the flow field，charge field，and electrostatic field was established to explore distribution characteristics of velocity，charge density，and current density of the near-wall region inside the pipe.A current density boundary layer was defined to analyze its thickness variation law and influencing factors. Validation against experimental data indicated that the error of the established model was less than 4.14%.The study results showed that，owing to the presence of an electric double layer，charge densities in the near-wall region and the main flow region differed markedly.In the composition of current density in the liquid hydrogen pipe flow，the convective term was shown to dominate over the conductive and diffusive terms，and a layered distribution of current density was observed during development，characterized by progressive thinning of the layer.During liquid hydrogen flow，there included a compact layer，a laminar sublayer，a diffusion layer，and a turbulent boundary layer based on the principle that the relative thicknesses of the structures for the electric double layer and the velocity boundary layer grow in order.Besides，electrostatic potential was found to be maximal at the central axis of the pipeline and its gradient（hence electric field intensity）increased toward the wall；the electrostatic potential at the central axis of longer pipelines exhibited linear growth.The study is expected to provide theoretical support for optimization and safety protection of liquid hydrogen pipeline transportation systems.关键词：liquid hydrogen pipeline transportation;electrostatic accumulation;current density boundary layer;numerical simulation13|12|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address the challenges of poor particle size controllability，severe agglomeration，and limited tetragonal phase content in the conventional synthesis of BaTiO3 nanoparticles，a continuous flow supercritical hydrothermal synthesis apparatus was employed to elucidate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of reaction temperature on the crystallization behavior of nanoBaTiO3，establish a quantitative relationship between nucleation rate and supercritical supersaturation，and determine the optimal temperature window for obtaining high tetragonal-phase fraction and narrow particle size distribution.The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction，scanning electron microscopy，transmission electron microscopy，and Raman spectroscopy to assess crystal phase composition，crystallinity，and particle size distribution.The results indicated that reaction temperature，by altering the physicochemical properties of supercritical water，significantly affected the crystallinity，grain size，and phase composition of BaTiO3and dominated the nucleation-growth competition mechanism；an optimal reaction temperature range of 380-400℃was identified in which high tetragonal-phase content，small grain size，and narrow particle size distribution were achieved. The high supersaturation，low viscosity，and high diffusivity of supercritical water were found to jointly increase the nucleation rate，effectively suppress grain growth，and enable nanoscale particle size control.During the supercritical hydrothermal synthesis，with increasing temperature，the crystallization mode of BaTiO3was observed to shift from homogeneous nucleation toward heterogeneous nucleation，and grain growth was governed by both diffusion and agglomeration kinetics.This study provides new insights for the controllable synthesis of high-performance nano-BaTiO3 and offers guidance for the design of key powder precursors for high-density，high-dielectric electronic ceramics.关键词：supercritical hydrothermal synthesis;nano barium titanate;nucleation rate;crystallization mechanism15|13|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To investigate the breakup behavior of water-steam-lead/LBE three-phase jets that occur during coolant-coolant interaction in a steam generator tube rupture（SGTR）accident of a lead-cooled fast reactor，a study was carried out on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the threephase system.Based on a physical model for three-phase jets in cylindrical coordinates，a linear stability analysis on interface perturbations was performed，and a dimensionless dispersion equation for the system was derived.Moreover，the influences of dimensionless parameters，including radius ratio，Weber number，density ratio，and velocity ratio，on the breakup behavior of jets were explored.The study results showed that，under the thick-vapor-film approximation，coupling between the inner and outer interfaces was weakened and the three-phase instability became decoupled.In this case，the breakup behavior of jets is dominated by the inner watersteam interface.For Weber numbers below 0.1，the jet length increased with increasing Weber number while the droplet diameter remained essentially unchanged.For Weber numbers above 10，both jet length and droplet diameter decreased with increasing Weber number.As the density ratio increased，the jet length increased while the droplet diameter remained nearly constant. With increasing velocity ratio，both jet length and droplet diameter increased initially and then decreased.The model’s predictions for the most unstable wavelength showed good agreement with experimental data. The study results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for mechanistic analysis of breakup behavior of jets and for subsequent safety assessment during SGTR accidents.关键词：lead-cooled fast reactor;steam generator tube rupture accident;coolant-coolant interaction;Kelvin-Helmholtz instability38|13|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address poor outage performance in multi-relay cooperative communication networks with solar energy harvesting（EH），an optimization method forjoint relay selection and power allocation policy was proposed based on reinforcement learning.A stochastic EH model based on measured solar irradiance data was adopted to characterize EH dynamics.A Markov decision process（MDP）model of the EH multi-relay cooperative network was developed to define the action space，state space，reward function，transmission policy，and value function.The learning and optimization procedure for the network transmission policy was designed using the Q-learning algorithm，and the action selection，state transitions，and Q-value update rules in each learning step were specified.The optimization method was designed to dynamically select a single relay and determine it transmit power for signal forwarding according to the solar EH state，wireless channel fading state，and battery levels of all EH relays，aiming to optimize the network information transmission outage probability.Moreover，computer simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of network parameters on outage probability.The results indicate that the network outage probability exhibits saturation behavior at very high signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）levels.Compared with a deep Q-network（DQN）algorithm，the proposed method can achieve an SNR gain of 3-5 dB when the network outage probability is 10-2-10-3 .Compared with ActorCritic and SARSA algorithms，the proposed method can achieve SNR gains of 2-3 dB and 3-7 dB，respectively，when the outage probabilityis 100-10-3.关键词：energy harvesting;cooperative communication;relay selection;outage probability;Q-learning15|12|0更新时间：2026-06-12
- 摘要：To address limitations in computer-aided diagnosis of laryngeal disease，such as singleview lesion presentation，insufficient classification accuracy，and reliance on subjective experience-based judgment，an image classification algorithm for laryngeal disease based on a multi-scale cross-axis attention fusion network was proposed. A multi-scale cross-axis attention mechanism was introduced to enable precise localization of fine-grained pathological features through adaptive feature weighting across spatial dimensions.A dual-stream collaborative learning architecture was constructed to capture global anatomical structures while focusing on local contextual information，facilitating multi-view feature extraction.A feature coupling module was designed to prevent information conflict and semantic misalignment caused by simple concatenation，optimizing the feature space and deeply integrating local and global representations.Study results showed that，on an in-house single-view，low-contrast laryngeal image dataset，compared with the existing MVT-OFM Lmodel，improvements in accuracy，precision，recall，F1 score，and specificity of 1.76%，1.56%，3.34%，2.60%，and 1.10%，respectively，were achieved.Also，feature visualization analysis revealed that the fusion network’s decision mechanism exhibited noticeable interpretability，with the distribution of activation intensities in key pathological regions being highly consistent with clinical diagnostic criteria.This study is expected to provide technical support for the development of intelligent computer-aided diagnosis systems.关键词：laryngeal disease;multi-scale cross-axis attention;fine-grained pathological feature;dual-stream collaborative learning architecture;feature coupling module36|18|0更新时间：2026-06-12
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