Effects of a Staggered Semi-Immersed Liquid Cooling Plate on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Lithium Batteries

JI Jiadong; DUAN Chengzhi; SUN Haiting; YE Fan; LIU Yulong; HUANG Wei

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202610012

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Effects of a Staggered Semi-Immersed Liquid Cooling Plate on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Lithium Batteries

Special Topic Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles | 更新时间：2026-09-29

- Effects of a Staggered Semi-Immersed Liquid Cooling Plate on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Lithium Batteries
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 137-147(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  安徽理工大学机电工程学院，232001，安徽淮南
  安徽理工大学煤炭无人化开采数智技术全国重点实验室，232001，安徽淮南
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202610012
  CLC： TM912
- Received：29 January 2026，
  
  Online First：14 April 2026，
  
  Published：10 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
JI Jiadong, DUAN Chengzhi, SUN Haiting, et al. Effects of a Staggered Semi-Immersed Liquid Cooling Plate on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Lithium Batteries[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (10):137-147. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202610012.
DOI：

JI Jiadong, DUAN Chengzhi, SUN Haiting, et al. Effects of a Staggered Semi-Immersed Liquid Cooling Plate on the Heat Dissipation Performance of Lithium Batteries[J/OL]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (10):137-147. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202610012. DOI：

摘要

针对传统液冷板散热不均、流道阻力大，以及全浸没冷却对冷却液要求苛刻、易引发电池短路等问题，提出了一种新型交错式半浸没型液冷板结构。采用数值模拟方法，结合NTGK电化学模型与流体传热控制方程，系统分析了入口流速、通道角度和通道间距比（通道间距与通道宽度之比）对散热性能的影响；通过单电池产热实验及网格独立性分析，验证了模型可靠性。研究结果表明：增加入口流速可显著提升液冷板的散热性能并降低电池模组最高温度，相较于入口速度为1.50m/s工况，2.25m/s的入口速度可使液冷板的综合散热性能提升204.21%、电池模组最高温度降低0.27K；当通道角为45°时，液冷板的综合散热性能最佳，其综合散热能力相较于通道角为17°时提升了114.40%；当通道宽度为5mm时，通道间距比为5∶5下的液冷板综合散热性能较好；相较于传统板式结构，提出的半浸没式结构将综合散热性能提升了24.00%，将电池模组的最高温度降低了2.86K。该研究可为电池散热结构设计提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract

To address the issues of uneven heat dissipation and high flow channel resistance in traditional liquid cooling plates

as well as the stringent requirements for coolants and the risk of battery short circuits in full-immersion cooling

this study proposes a novel staggered semiimmersed liquid cooling plate structure. Using numerical simulations combined with the NTGK electrochemical model and the governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer

the effects of inlet velocity

channel angle

and channel spacing ratio (the ratio of channel spacing to channel width) on the heat dissipation performance were systematically analyzed. The reliability of the model was verified through single-cell heat generation experiments and a grid independence analysis. The results indicate that increasing the inlet velocity significantly enhances the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate and reduces the maximum temperature of the battery module. Compared with the operating condition at an inlet velocity of 1.50m/s

an inlet velocity of 2.25m/s improves the comprehensive heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate by 204.21% and reduces the maximum temperature of the battery module by 0.27K. When the channel angle is 45°

the comprehensive heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate is optimal

and its comprehensive heat dissipation capacity is increased by 114.40% compared to that at a channel angle of 17°. When the channel width is 5mm

the liquid cooling plate with a channel spacing ratio of 5∶5exhibits better comprehensive heat dissipation performance. Furthermore

compared with the conventional plate structure

the proposed semi-immersed structure improves the comprehensive heat dissipation performance by 24.00% and reduces the maximum temperature of the battery module by 2.86K. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the design of battery heat dissipation structures.

关键词

Keywords

references

李君浩, 任晓龙, 杨炯, 等.锂电池冷板新波形微流道传热特性研究及结构优化[J].西安交通大学学报, 2024, 58(11): 14-26.

Li Junhao, Ren Xiaolong, Yang Jiong, et al. Research on heat transfer characteristics and structural optimization of new waveform microchannels for lithium-ion batteries cooling plates[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2024, 58(11): 14-26.

Sun Peiyi, Bisschop R, Niu Huichang, et al. A review of battery fires in electric vehicles [J].Fire Technology, 2020, 56(4): 1361-1410.

Li Haoxuan, Chen Long, Zuo Hongyan, et al. Performance enhancement of a battery thermal management system using novel liquid cold plates with microchannel featuring pin fins [J].Energy, 2024, 301: 131731.

Tete P R, Gupta M M, Joshi S S.Developments in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: a technical review [J].Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 35: 102255.

杨涵, 刘宁豪, 高强, 等.锂离子电池同心结构液冷板冷却性能分析及结构优化[J].西安交通大学学报, 2025, 59(3): 172-188.

Yang Han, Liu Ninghao, Gao Qiang, et al. Cooling performance analysis and structural optimization of concentric structure liquid cooling plate for lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(3): 172-188.

Chacko S, Chung Y M.Thermal modelling of Li-ion polymer battery for electric vehicle drive cycles [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 213: 296-303.

E Jiaqiang, Yue Meng, Chen Jingwei, et al. Effects of the different air cooling strategies on cooling performance of a lithium-ion battery module with baffle [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 144: 231-241.

尹诗佳, 刘少胡, 丁坤, 等.储能用“V”型风冷电池包结构优化[J].电源技术, 2026, 50(3): 517-524.

Yin Shijia, Liu Shaohu, Ding Kun, et al. Structural optimization of "V"-shaped air-cooled battery pack for energy storage[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 50(3): 517-524.

曾志鑫, 崔旺, 魏衍举, 等.圆柱锂电池组的肺泡仿生冷却结构设计与优化[J].工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(11): 3681-3692.

Zeng Zhixin, Cui Wang, Wei Yanju, et al. Design and optimization of alveolar bionic cooling structure for cylindrical lithium battery pack[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2025, 46(11): 3681-3692.

Liu Na, Jiang Yueming, Liu Xujie, et al. Thermal performance analysis and structure optimization of bionic shark skin channel liquid cooling plate for lithium ion battery [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 279(Part C): 127683.

Yang Zulin, Li Mingfei, Rao Mumin, et al. Investigation on enhanced heat transfer characteristics of hybrid convective cooling-phase change material composite systems for battery thermal management [J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2026, 222: 110569.

吴俊辉, 邱雪梅, 张承龙, 等.相变材料与液冷复合电池热管理系统研究[J].工程热物理学报, 2024, 45(12): 3845-3852.

Wu Junhui, Qiu Xuemei, Zhang Chenglong, et al. Investigation on battery thermal management systems with phase change materials and liquid-cooling[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2024, 45(12): 3845-3852.

Liu Jiahao, Ma Qingwen, Li Xianbin.Numerical study on heat dissipation performance of a lithium-ion battery module based on immersion cooling [J].Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 66: 107511.

He Hao, Liu Qian, He Kehan, et al. Structural and thermal regulation of strain behavior in batteries under air and immersion cooling [J].Energy, 2026, 344: 140112.

Cao Xin, Liu Huanling, Shao Xiaodong, et al. Thermal performance of double serpentine minichannel heat sinks: effects of inlet-outlet arrangements and throughholes [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 153: 119575.

章正哲, 张恒运, 张健胜, 等.方形电池模组对称蛇形流道液冷板热特性研究[J].上海工程技术大学学报, 2025, 39(4): 471-476.

Zhang Zhengzhe, Zhang Hengyun, Zhang Jiansheng, et al. Study on thermal characteristics of symmetric serpentine flow channel liquid cooling plate for prismatic battery module[J].Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 2025, 39(4): 471-476.

Nie Jinquan, Liu Zuoqiang, Su Jintao, et al. Multiobjective optimization of liquid cooling system for lithium-ion battery [J].Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 103(Part A): 114380.

Mo Xiaobao, Zhi Hui, Xiao Yizhi, et al. Topology optimization of cooling plates for battery thermal management [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 178: 121612.

Lin Xiangwei, Shi Mingyu, Zhou Zhifu, et al. Multiobjective topology optimization design of liquid-based cooling plate for 280Ah prismatic energy storage battery thermal management [J].Energy Conversion and Management, 2025, 325: 119440.

Ji Jiadong, Ye Fan, Duan Chengzhi, et al. Thermal performance optimization of columnar lithium-ion bat teries using a semi-immersion liquid cooling system [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 279(Part D): 127777.

Zhao Luyao, Wang Jiafeng, Zheng Minxue, et al. Design and performance optimization of liquid immersion cooling system for prismatic lithium-ion battery modules [J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2026, 118: 110181.

Fan Liyun, Li Jingxue, Chen Ya, et al. Study on the cooling performance of a new secondary flow serpentine liquid cooling plate used for lithium battery thermal management [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 218: 124711.

Fan Yiwei, Wang Zhaohui, Fu Ting.Multi-objective optimization design of lithium-ion battery liquid cooling plate with double-layered dendritic channels [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 199: 117541.

He Ping, Lu Hao, Fan Yiwei, et al. Numerical investigation on a lithium-ion battery thermal management system utilizing a double-layeredⅠ-shaped channel liquid cooling plate exchanger [J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023, 187: 108200.

E Shengxin, Liu Yuxian, Cui Yaxin, et al. Effects of composite cooling strategy including phase change material and cooling air on the heat dissipation performance improvement of lithium ion power batteries pack in hot climate and its catastrophe evaluation [J].Energy, 2023, 283: 129074.

Ji Jiadong, Lu Yu, Shi Baojun, et al. Numerical research on vibration and heat transfer performance of a conical spiral elastic bundle heat exchanger with baffles [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 232: 121036.

Ji Jiadong, Ni Xuwang, Zhao Jinhui, et al. Numerical investigation of the effect of the structure and number of spiral baffles on the vibration and heat transfer coefficient of spiral tubes within spiral tube heat exchangers [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 258(Part A): 124545.

Zhang Furen, He Yanxiao, Lao Yongchun, et al. Optimization design and numerical study on thermal performance of a novel diamond-type channel cold plate [J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023, 188: 108254.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Topology-Optimized Liquid Cooling Combined with Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management of Large Cylindrical Batteries

Bidirectional Balancing and Model Predictive Control Optimization for Lithium Batteries

Experimental Research on Modular Thermal Management System of Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Application of Variable Universe Double Fuzzy Controller in Simulation of Lithium Battery Equilibrium Strategy

Interpretability Study of the Invariance Mechanism of Deep Convolutional Networks under Data Augmentation

Related Author

MA Jing

CAO Huquan

SUN Yasong

LIN Zican

ZHANG Da

SUN Yasong

ZHANG Da

LIN Zican

Related Institution

School of Automobile, Chang'an University

Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics and Thermal Environment Simulation for Ground Transportation Vehicles, Tongji University

Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Control and Simulation Testing Technology of New Energy Vehicles, Xihua University

Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Transport Power Machinery, Chang'an University

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Transportation Energy and Automotive Energy Saving, Chang'an University

⁰