Wetting Characteristics of Droplet Migration Against Gravity on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation

WU Xin; GAO Tieyu; GONG Jianying; YAN Xiaojiang; XIE Xiaojun; SONG Zichen; SONG Mengjie

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202609014

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Wetting Characteristics of Droplet Migration Against Gravity on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation

更新时间：2026-09-04

- Wetting Characteristics of Droplet Migration Against Gravity on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 9, Pages: 142-153(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  西安热工研究院有限公司，710054，西安
  北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，100081，北京
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202609014
  CLC： TN752.6;TK124
- Received：22 January 2026，
  
  Online First：12 June 2026，
  
  Published：10 September 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
WU Xin, GAO Tieyu, GONG Jianying, et al. Wetting Characteristics of Droplet Migration Against Gravity on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (9):142-153. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202609014.
DOI：

WU Xin, GAO Tieyu, GONG Jianying, et al. Wetting Characteristics of Droplet Migration Against Gravity on Inclined Surfaces under Ultrasonic Excitation[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2026,60 (9):142-153. https://doi.org/10.7652/xjtuxb202609014. DOI：

摘要

为了研究35 kHz超声波激励下液滴在倾斜铝板表面逆重力迁移过程中的动态润湿行为，通过定量分析液滴体积、超声振动速度以及表面倾斜角对液滴直径铺展率及接触角滞后的影响，揭示了超声作用下液滴在倾斜表面逆重力迁移过程中的润湿行为演化规律，建立了液滴微观润湿特性与宏观动力学行为的协同作用关系。进一步基于受力竞争机制构建了包含声学韦伯数和邦德数的综合无量纲数，确立了液滴动力学响应的预测经验关系式。研究结果表明，超声激励可显著增强液滴润湿能力，并驱动液滴在30°、60°、90°倾斜表面实现逆重力迁移，最大位移约为5.04 mm。液滴直径铺展率在超声作用下呈现出增大-峰值-回缩-稳态的非线性演变，最大直径铺展率变化范围为1.16～1.51，且主要受超声振动速度正向调控。此外，超声振动可有效削弱重力诱导的润湿非对称性，推动接触角滞后由重力主导的负值状态向声场主导的正值状态转变，该转变临界值对应的综合无量纲数为18.79。该研究为基于声场的液滴输运与表面润湿调控提供了理论与实验依据。

Abstract

To investigate the dynamic wetting behavior of droplets migrating against gravity on an inclined aluminum surface under 35 kHz ultrasonic excitation

the effects of droplet volume

ultrasonic vibration velocity

and surface inclination angle on the droplet diameter spreading ratio and contact angle hysteresis are quantitatively analyzed.The evolution of the wetting behavior during droplet migration against gravity on the inclined surface is revealed

and the synergistic relationship between microscopic wetting characteristics and macroscopic dynamic behavior is established.Furthermore

based on the force competition mechanism

a combined dimensionless number involving the acoustic Weber number and Bond number is constructed

and an empirical relationship for predicting the droplet dynamic response is established.The results show that droplet wettability is significantly enhanced by ultrasonic excitation

and migration against gravity is achieved on surfaces inclined at 30°

60°

90°

with a maximum displacement of approximately 5.04 mm.Under ultrasonic excitation

the droplet diameter spreading ratio exhibits a nonlinear evolution of “increase-peak-retraction-steady state”

with the maximum diameter spreading ratio ranging from 1.16 to 1.51 and mainly increasing with ultrasonic vibration velocity.In addition

gravity-induced wetting asymmetry is effectively weakened by ultrasonic vibration

and contact angle hysteresis is shifted from a gravity-dominated negative state to an acoustic-field-dominated positive state.The combined dimensionless number corresponding to the critical transition is 18.79.A theoretical and experimental basis for acousticfield-based droplet transport and surface wetting control is provided by this study.

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