Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles

LIU Yuxuan; ZONG Shuo; ZHANG Yichen; CAO Zhijian; CHEN En; YIN Xiang; CAO Feng

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202607013

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles

更新时间：2026-07-09

- Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 7, Pages: 135-147(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  合肥通用机械研究院有限公司事业部，230031，合肥
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202607013
  CLC： TK11
- Received：15 August 2025，
  
  Published：10 July 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LIU Yuxuan, ZONG Shuo, ZHANG Yichen, et al. Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(7): 135-147.
DOI：

LIU Yuxuan, ZONG Shuo, ZHANG Yichen, et al. Mechanism and Optimal Control Strategy for Hysteresis in Rapid Dehumidification Response of Indirect Thermal Systems in Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(7): 135-147. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202607013.

摘要

针对高湿环境下电动车辆挡风玻璃易结雾而影响行车安全的问题，为提升电动车辆间接热管理系统切换至除湿模式时的除湿动态响应速度，提出一种快速实现低湿空气送风的优化控制策略。通过搭建跨临界CO

系统实验平台并建立高精度动态仿真模型，基于所建模型的仿真数据结果，对比直接式与间接式热管理系统的性能差异，揭示间接系统快速除湿响应的迟滞机理；分析水冷蒸发器流量、水冷冷凝器流量及前端体积风量对动态除湿量的影响，提出一种基于时序协同的优化控制策略。研究结果表明，因水路热惯性，间接系统送风温度达到露点温度的时间延长、出现温度回弹引发除湿风温升高，使其动态累计除湿量较直接系统低59.8%；将水冷冷凝器流量和前端体积风量切换值调整至4.8 L/min和0，可分别提升动态累计除湿量90.9%和77.9%；通过优化水冷蒸发器流量、水冷冷凝器流量及前端体积风量在模式切换瞬态的调整时序，发现切换后8、30 s分别调整蒸发器流量、前端体积风量，可使间接系统累计除湿量较原方案提升203.1%，并超过直接系统22.2%，显著提升了除雾工况下的快速低湿送风能力。该研究结果为间接热管理系统在实际应用中的快速除湿动态响应提供了有效的策略参考。

Abstract

Because the windshield of electric vehicles（EVs）tends to fog under very humid conditions，compromising driving safety，a control strategy for the supply of low-humidity air was proposed to accelerate the dynamic dehumidification response of the EV's indirect thermal management systems during a switch to dehumidification mode.An experimental platform for transcritical CO

systems was built up，and a dynamic simulation model with high precision was developed.Based on the results from this simulation model

，performance differences between direct and indirect systems were compared to reveal the hysteresis mechanism of the dynamic dehumidification response in indirect systems.The effects of the liquid-cooled evaporator（LCEVP）flow rate，liquid-cooled gas cooler（LCGC）flow rate，and front air volume on the dynamic dehumidification capacity were analyzed，leading to the proposal of an optimal control strategy based on timesequenced collaboration.The results show that due to the thermal inertia of the water circuit，the time required for the air supply temperature to reach the dew point is prolonged，and a temperature rebound occurs，leading to an increase in dehumidification air temperature.Consequently，the dynamic cumulative dehumidification capacity of the indirect system was found to be 59.8% lower than that of the direct system.By adjusting the LCGC flow rate and front air volume to 4.8 L/min and 0 m

/h，respectively，the dynamic cumulative dehumidification capacity was increased by 90.9% and 77.9%.Furthermore，by optimizing the time sequence to adjust the LCEVP flow rate，LCGC flow rate，and front air volume at the moment of switching，it was observed that adjusting the LCEVP flow rate and front air volume 8s and 30 s after the switch，respectively，increased the cumulative dehumidification capacity by 203.1% compared to the original scheme.This optimized performance exceeded that of the direct system by 22.2%，significantly enhancing the rapid low-humidity air supply capability under defogging conditions.These findings offer effective strategic guidance for rapid dynamic dehumidification responses in practical applications of indirect thermal management systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

Carley S, Konisky D M.The justice and equity impli cations of the clean energy transition [J].Nature Energy, 2020, 5(8):569-577.

Zhou Yuekuan.Worldwide carbon neutrality transition? Energy efficiency, renewable, carbon trading and advanced energy policies [J].Energy Reviews, 2023, 2(2):100026.

Fang Jianmin, Yin Xiang, Guan Jiajia, et al.Comparative study on the thermal performance of the battery two-phase direct CO 2 cooling system with parallel and half-series configuration for electric vehicles [J ] . Renewable Energy, 2025, 242:122461.

Yao Ming, Da Danning, Lu Xinchun, et al.A review of capacity allocation and control strategies for electric vehicle charging stations with integrated photovoltaic and energy storage systems [J].World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024, 15(3):101.

Teng Haixu, Li Ming, Wang Jun, et al.Energy utilization of CO 2 thermal management system for electric vehicles in cold climate:assessment of different heat source modes [J ] .International Journal of Refrigeration, 2025, 174:359-371.

Wang Yibiao, Dong Junqi, Jia Shiwei, et al.Experimental comparison of R744 and R134a heat pump systems for electric vehicle application [J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 121:10-22.

Feng Lili, Hrnjak P.Experimental study of an air conditioning-heat pump system for electric vehicles [C]//SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition.Warrendale, PA, USA:SAE International, 2016:2016-01-0257.

任兆龙, 管燕, 殷翔,等.新PFASs限制法案提案下汽车空调替代制冷剂的对比与展望[J].制冷学报, 2024, 45(4):1-13.

Ren Zhaolong, Guan Yan, Yin Xiang, et al.Comparison and prospect of alternative refrigerants for MAC based on new PFASs restriction regulation proposal [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2024, 45(4):1-13.

Wang Haidan, Song Yulong, Valdiserri P, et al.Performance analysis of CO 2 thermal management system for electric vehicles in winter [J ] .Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236(Part C):121700.

Song Yulong, Wang Haidan, Ma Yuan, et al.Energetic, economic, environmental investigation of carbon dioxide as the refrigeration alternative in new energy bus/railway vehicles'air conditioning systems [J]. Applied Energy, 2022, 305:117830.

Yang Yuzhuo, Shi Lingfeng, Tian Hua, et al.Improving the long-term performance of electric vehicles CO 2 heat pump through correcting discharge pressure [J ] .Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 436:140589.

Wang Dandong, Yu Binbin, Li Wanyong, et al.Heating performance evaluation of a CO 2 heat pump system for an electrical vehicle at cold ambient temperatures [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142:656-664.

Dong Junqi, Wang Yibiao, Jia Shiwei, et al.Experimental study of R744 heat pump system for electric vehicle application [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 183(Part 1):116191.

宗硕, 肖迪, 王海丹, 等.电动车辆热管理系统中CO 2 工质替代方案对续航里程的影响[J ] .西安交通大学学报, 2024, 58(12):1-10.

Zong Shuo, Xiao Di, Wang Haidan, et al.Impact of CO 2 refrigerant substitution scheme in the thermal management system of electric vehicles on driving range [J ] .Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2024, 58(12):1-10.

Li Yalun, Yang Jialiang, Wu Xilei, et al.Explosion risk analysis of R290 leakage into a limited external space [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 225:120122.

Zhang Yun, Liu Cichong, Lu Daxiong, et al.Heat recovery design and test for the secondary loop heat pump Mac system [J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 123:45-51.

Zhang Yun, Liu Cichong, Wang Tianying, et al. Leakage analysis and concentration distribution of flammable refrigerant R290 in the automobile air conditioner system [J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 110:286-294.

Li Gang, Eisele M, Lee H, et al.Experimental investigation of energy and exergy performance of secondary loop automotive air-conditioning systems using low-GWP (global warming potential)refrigerants [J].Energy, 2014, 68:819-831.

Kaiser D J.Secondary loop reversible AC/HP system for electric vehicles [D].Champaign, USA:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015.

Wang Kai, Eisele M, Hwang Y, et al.Review of secondary loop refrigeration systems [J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2010, 33(2):212-234.

Li Wanyong, Liu Yusheng, Liu Rui, et al.Performance evaluation of secondary loop low-temperature heat pump system for frost prevention in electric vehicles [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 182: 115615.

Zong Shuo, Yin Xiang, Miao Tongyu, et al.Experimental investigation on the cooling performance of direct and secondary loop CO 2 air conditioning systems for electric vehicles [J ] .International Journal of Re frigeration, 2023, 152:376-386.

Zhang Yun, Liu Cichong, Lu Daxiong, et al.Heat recovery design and test for the secondary loop heat pump Mac system [J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2021, 123:45-51.

Wang Haidan, Cao Feng, Jia Fan, et al.Potential assessment of transcritical CO 2 secondary loop heat pump for electric vehicles [J ] .Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 224:119921.

程恰, 周国梁, 兰娇, 等.新型电动汽车热泵系统除湿再热性能实验研究[J].制冷学报, 2018, 39(5):105-111.

Cheng Qia, Zhou Guoliang, Lan Jiao, et al.Experimental research on dehumidifying and reheating characteristics of a novel heat pump system for electric vehicle [J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2018, 39 (5):105-111.

任学铭, 武卫东, 朱群东, 等.纯电动汽车热泵型空调系统除湿试验研究[J].汽车工程学报, 2020, 10(5):377-383.

Ren Xueming, Wu Weidong, Zhu Qundong, et al. Experimental investigation of dehumidification of heat pump air-conditioning system for pure electric cars [J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2020, 10(5):377-383.

Yu Tianchan, Wang Baolong, Li Xianting, et al.Performance analysis and operation strategy of a dualevaporation temperature heat pump system for electric vehicles in winter [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 219(Part B):119594.

Li Kang, Tan Mingfei, Man Yuan, et al.Investigating dehumidification and heating performance in a dual evaporator heat pump system for electric vehicles [J]. International Journalof Refrigeration, 2024, 168:620-631.

Liu Yuxuan, Jia Fan, Yin Xiang, et al.Evaluation of dehumidification capacity and operation boundary constraints for different thermal management systems for electric vehicles [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 279, Part B:127627.

Wang Haidan, Song Yulong, Cao Feng, et al.Performance evaluation of transcritical CO 2 desiccant heat pumps for electric vehicles [J ] .Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2023, 2648(1):012032.

Jia Fan, Yin Xiang, Cao Feng, et al.Enhancing control disorder and implementing V2 X-Based suppression methods for electric vehicle CO 2 thermal management systems [J ] .eTransportation, 2024, 21:100336.

Chang Y J, Wang Chichuan.A generalized heat transfer correlation for Iouver fin geometry [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1997, 40(3):533-544.

Sieder C A, Rouse M W.A convenient correlation for heat transfer to constant and variable property fluids in turbulent pipe flow [J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1975, 18(5):677-683.

Shah M M.Chart correlation for saturated boiling heat transfer:equations and further study [J].ASHRAE Transactions, 1982, 88(1):185-196.

Dittus F W, Boelter L M K.Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type [J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985, 12(1):3-22.

王永珍.风窗玻璃霜雾结解过程传热及其解化特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2011.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Construction of Generalized CO2and R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles and Their Performance Impact Characteristics

Generalization construction of CO2 and R290 heat pump systems for electric vehicles and their performance impact characteristics

Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Impeller Back Gaps of sCO2 Radial Inflow Turbines

Sensitivity Analysis of Foil Geometrical Parameters for the Third-Generation CO2 Gas Foil Bearings Based on Design of Experiments Method

Numerical Simulation of the Energy Conversion Process in Thermoacoustic Engines with Different Stack Materials

Related Author

CAO Zhijian

ZONG Shuo

ZHANG Yichen

GUAN Yan

WANG Zhiming

YIN Xiang

CAO Feng

CAO Zhijian

Related Institution

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

⁰