Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia

LIU Jiawen; XU Jiayang; ZHANG Meng; WANG Jinhua; HUANG Zuohua

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202607009

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia

Special Topic Combustion Control | 更新时间：2026-07-09

- Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 7, Pages: 88-96(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202607009
  CLC： TK16
- Received：04 August 2025，
  
  Published：10 July 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LIU Jiawen, XU Jiayang, ZHANG Meng, et al. Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(7): 88-96.
DOI：

LIU Jiawen, XU Jiayang, ZHANG Meng, et al. Effects of Steam Addition on the Swirl Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Cracked Ammonia[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(7): 88-96. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202607009.

摘要

为明晰水蒸气掺混对于氨裂解气旋流燃烧的影响规律，探究适用于不同裂解率

的水蒸气掺混比例

。采用燃烧与回火极限测量、数码照相、羟基平面激光诱导荧光（OH-PLIF）、粒子图像测速（PIV）以及尾气分析等手段，对预混旋流燃烧器中氨裂解燃烧和污染物排放特性进行了研究，并结合化学反应网络阐明了水蒸气掺混对于氮氧化物（NO

）降低的机理。结果表明：一方面，水蒸气掺混有明显弱化燃烧的作用；相比于

=0的条件，当

=0.1，0.2时，在0.2＜

＜0.4范围内，燃烧当量比范围缩减了21.1%～50.9%，火焰自发光减弱，OH信号降低66%～75%，燃烧尾气中NH

排放提升了18%～368%；另一方面，水蒸气掺混明显增强了燃烧均匀性并降低了NO

排放；

=0.1，0.2时的火焰对称性分别提高了11.8%和56.3%，NO

排放降低了60%～90%。NO

排放降低是燃料型与热力型NO

生成速率降低、De-NO

反应增强共同作用的结果。总体而言，0.2＜

＜0.4时采用

=0.1的水蒸气掺混比例、

＞0.4时采用

=0.2的水蒸气掺混比例是较合理的策略。

Abstract

To clarify how steam addition affects the swirl combustion of cracked ammonia and to identify the optimal steam blending ratios（

）for various cracking rates（

），the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics of cracked ammonia in a premixed swirl combustor were investigated. Experimental methods including combustion and flashback limit measurements，digital imaging，OH plane laser-induced fluorescence（OH-PLIF），particle image velocimetry（PIV），and exhaust gas analysis were employed.Furthermore，the mechanism of nitrogen oxide（NO

）reduction through steam addition was elucidated using a chemical reaction network（CRN）.The results indicate that steam addition significantly weakens the combustion intensity.Compared to

=0，the combustion equivalence ratio is reduced by 21.1%—50.9% for 0.2＜

＜0.4 when

is set to 0.1 and 0.2.Correspondingly，the flame c

hemiluminescence is weakened，the OH signal intensity decreases by 66%—75%，and NH

emissions in the exhaust gas increase by 18%—368%.Conversely，steam addition significantly enhances combustion uniformity and suppresses NO

emissions. Specifically，flame symmetry is improved by 11.8% and 56.3% at

=0.1 and 0.2，respectively，with a 60%—90% reduction in NO

emissions.This NO

reduction is attributed to the combined effects of decreased formation rates of fuel-type and thermal-type NO

，along with the enhancement of De-NO

reactions.Overall，a steam blending ratio of

=0.1 is recommended for 0.2＜

＜0.4，whereas

=0.2 is preferred for

＞0.4.

关键词

Keywords

references

Elbaz A M, Wang Shixing, Guiberti T F, et al.Review on the recent advances on ammonia combustion from the fundamentals to the applications [J].Fuel Communications, 2022, 10:100053.

Kobayashi H, Hayakawa A, Somarathne K D K A, et al. Science and technology of ammonia combustion [J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37 (1):109-133.

Zhang Meng, Wei Xutao, An Zhenhua, et al.Flame stabilization and emission characteristics of ammonia combustion in lab-scale gas turbine combustors:recent progress and prospects [J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2025, 106:101193.

Zhang Meng, Wei Xutao, Wang Jinhua, et al.The blow-off and transient characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels in a swirl combustor [J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38 (4):5181-5190.

Wei Xutao, Zhhang Meng, Wang Jinhua, et al.Investigation on lean blow-off characteristics and stabilization mechanism of premixed hydrogen enhanced ammonia/air swirl flames in a gas turbine combustor [J]. Combustion and Flame, 2023, 249:112600.

Xing Jiangkuan, Pillai A L, Kurose R.Heat release rate surrogate for ammonia-hydrogen premixed flames under various conditions [J].Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 15:100193.

Zhu Xuren, Khateeb A A, Guiberti T F, et al.NO and OH * emission characteristics of very-lean to stoichiometric ammonia-hydrogen-air swirl flames [J ] .Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4):5155-5162.

高一博, 胡二江, 殷阁媛, 等.等离子体催化铁系金属催化剂氨分解制氢研究进展[J].力学学报, 2023, 55(12):2750-2767.

Gao Yibo, Hu Erjiang, Yin Geyuan, et al.Research progress in ammonia decomposition of iron series metal catalysts assisted by plasma [J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2023, 55 (12):2750-2767.

Asif M, Sidra Bibi S, Ahmed S, et al.Recent advances in green hydrogen production, storage and commercial-scale use via catalytic ammonia cracking [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 473:145381.

Yousefi Rizi H A, Shin D.Green hydrogen production technologies from ammonia cracking [J].Energies, 2022, 15(21):8246.

Mei Bowen, Zhang Jianguo, Shi Aoaoxiang, et al.Enhancement of ammonia combustion with partial fuel cracking strategy:laminar flame propagation and kinetic modeling investigation ofN H 3 /H 2 /N 2 /air mixtures up to 10 atm [J ] .Combustion and Flame, 2021, 231:111472.

Shohdy N N, Alicherif M, Guiberti T F, et al.Quantitative comparison of the benefits of cracking and nanosecond repetitive pulsed discharges on the lean blowoff, emissions, and topology of ammonia premixed swirl flames [J].Combustion and Flame, 2024, 269:113678.

Zhou Jing, Duan Fei.Kinetic modeling and emission characteristics of multi-staged partially cracked ammonia/ammonia-fueled gas turbine combustors [J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 122:44-56.

Zhu Xuren, Du Jianguo, Yu Zhou, et al.NO x emission and control in ammonia combustion:state-of-theart review and future perspectives [J ] .Energy & Fuels, 2023, 38(1):43-60.

An Zhenhua, Zhang Weijie, Zhang Meng, et al.Experimental and numerical investigation on combustion characteristics of cracked ammonia flames [J].Energy & Fuels, 2024, 38(8):7412-7430.

Gubbi S, Cole R, Jimenez C D A, et al.Investigation of minimum NO x emissions for cracked ammonia combustion [J ] .Combustion and Flame, 2025, 274:114005.

Ebi D, Clemens N T.Experimental investigation of upstream flame propagation during boundary layer flashback of swirl flames [J].Combustion and Flame, 2016, 168:39-52.

Jonsson M, Yan Jinyue.Humidified gas turbines: a review of proposed and implemented cycles [J].Energy, 2005, 30(7):1013-1078.

Izadi S, Kislat O, Zanger J, et al.Investigating the impact of steam enhancement on combustion in a swirlassisted jet-stabilized gas turbine combustor [J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2025, 147(1):011001.

Pavri R, Moore G D.Gas turbine emissions and control: GER-4211 [R].Atlanta, GA, USA, 2001.

Kaiser S, Schmitz O, Ziegler P, et al.The water-enhanced turbofan as enabler for climate-neutral aviation [J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(23):12431.

Le Cong T, Dagaut P.Experimental and detailed modeling study of the effect of water vapor on the kinetics of combustion of hydrogen and natural gas, impact on NO x [J ] .Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(2):725-734.

Ariemma G B, Sabia P, Sorrentino G, et al.Influence of water addition on MILD ammonia combustion performances and emissions [J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4):5147-5154.

Subramanian V, Mallikarjuna J M, Ramesh A.Effect of water injection and spark timing on the nitric oxide emission and combustion parameters of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition engine [J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(9):1159-1173.

Wang Jinfei, Duan Xiongbo, Liu Yiqun, et al.Numerical investigation of water injection quantity and water injection timing on the thermodynamics, combustion and emissions in a hydrogen enriched lean-burn natural gas SI engine [J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(35):17935-17952.

Lyu Yajin, Xing Chang, Liu Li, et al.Study of turbulent flame characteristics of water vapor diluted hydrogen-air micro-mixing combustion [J].Renewable Energy, 2022, 189:1194-1205.

Concetti R, Hasslberger J, Chakraborty N, et al. Effects of liquid water addition on turbulent premixed hydrogen/air combustion [J].Fuel, 2024, 373:132314.

Zhhang Weijie, Wang Ziqi, Huang Hai, et al.Stabilization and structure characteristics of swirling CH 4 /H 2 /O 2 flames diluted with steam [J ] .International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 65:563-571.

Mashruk S, Vigueras-Zuniga M O, Tejeda-Del-Cueto M E, et al.Combustion features of CH 4 /NH 3 /H 2 ternary blends [J ] .International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(70):30315-30327.

Hayakawa A, Goto T, Mimoto R, et al.NO formation/reduction mechanisms of ammonia/air premixed flames at various equivalence ratios and pressures [J]. Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2015, 2(1):14-00402.

Kim H S, Arghode V K, Gupta A K.Flame characteristics of hydrogen-enriched methane-air premixed swirling flames [J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34(2):1063-1073.

Liu Zundi, Zhang Yi, Li Wei, et al.Self-promoted fuel pyrolysis under oxygen enrichment enables clean and efficient ammonia combustion [J]. The Innovation Energy, 2024, 1(1):100006.

Zhang Meng, An Zhenhua, Wei Xutao, et al.Emission analysis of the CH 4 /NH 3 /air co-firing fuels in a model combustor [J ] .Fuel, 2021, 291:120135.

Stagni A, Cavallotti C, Arunthanayothin S, et al.An experimental, theoretical and kinetic-modeling study of the gas-phase oxidation of ammonia [J]. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 2020, 5(4):696-711.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Study on the Thermodynamic Properties in the Anomalous Region of Supercritical Water

Review of the Application of EBSILON Software in Combined Heat and Power System Optimization

Energy Efficiency Optimization of the Cryogenic Air Separation Process for Electronic-Grade Ultra Pure Nitrogen

A Structure-Semantics-Residual Collaborative Image Compression Framework：Towards Privacy Protection and High-Fidelity Reconstruction

Sensitivity Analysis of Foil Geometrical Parameters for the Third-Generation CO2 Gas Foil Bearings Based on Design of Experiments Method

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰