Study of the Mechanism of Electrostatic Accumulation and Current Density Distribution Characteristics During Liquid Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation

SUN Wenhao; LIU Hongbao; WANG Lei; QING Ziyou; LI Zhuolun; MA Yuan; LI Yanzhong

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202606018

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Study of the Mechanism of Electrostatic Accumulation and Current Density Distribution Characteristics During Liquid Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation

更新时间：2026-06-12

- Study of the Mechanism of Electrostatic Accumulation and Current Density Distribution Characteristics During Liquid Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 6, Pages: 213-222(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  上海宇航系统工程研究所，201109，上海
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202606018
  CLC： V511
- Received：12 September 2025，
  
  Published：10 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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SUN Wenhao, LIU Hongbao, WANG Lei, et al. Study of the Mechanism of Electrostatic Accumulation and Current Density Distribution Characteristics During Liquid Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 213-222.
DOI：

SUN Wenhao, LIU Hongbao, WANG Lei, et al. Study of the Mechanism of Electrostatic Accumulation and Current Density Distribution Characteristics During Liquid Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 213-222. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202606018.

摘要

针对液氢管路输运过程中，静电积聚机理及电流密度分布特征不明而导致的安全风险评估挑战，通过数值模拟方法，揭示该过程的静电积聚规律。通过构建流场、电荷场、静电场等多物理场耦合仿真模型，研究了管内近壁区域速度、电荷密度、电流密度等分布特性。通过定义电流密度边界层，分析了其厚度变化规律及影响因素。与实验结果对比，所建立模型误差小于4.14%。研究结果表明：由于双电层的存在，近壁面和主流区电荷密度呈现显著差异。在液氢管流电流密度构成中，相较于传导项和扩散项，对流项贡献占主导，且电流密度在发展过程中存在分层现象并呈现由厚减薄的演化规律。液氢中，根据双电层各结构和速度边界层各结构厚度相对大小的依次增大，可分为紧密层、层流底层、扩散层和湍流边界层。此外，静电势在管道中心轴线处最大，越接近壁面其梯度越大，电场强度也越大；在更长管道中，中心轴线处的静电势呈线性增长。该研究可对液氢管路输运系统的优化与安全防护提供理论支撑。

Abstract

To address safety risk assessment challenges arising from unclear mechanisms of electrostatic accumulation and undefined current density distribution characteristics during liquid hydrogen pipeline transportation，the laws of electrostatic accumulation during transportation were revealed by numerical simulation.A multiphysics coupling simulation model comprising the flow field，charge field，and electrostatic field was established to explore distribution characteristics of velocity，charge density，and current density of the near-wall region inside the pipe.A current density boundary layer was defined to analyze its thickness variation law and influencing factors. Validation against experimental data indicated that the error of the established model was less than 4.14%.The study results showed that，owing to the presence of an electric double layer，charge densities in the near-wall region and the main flow region differed markedly.In the composition of current density in the liquid hydrogen pipe flow，the convective term was shown to dominate over the conductive and diffusive terms，and a layered distribution of current density was observed during development，characterized by progressive thinning of the layer.During liquid hydrogen flow，there included a compact layer，a laminar sublayer，a diffusion layer，and a turbulent boundary layer based on the principle that the relative thicknesses of the structures for the electric double layer and the velocity boundary layer grow in order.Besides，electrostatic potential was found to be maximal at the central axis of the pipeline and its gradient（hence electric field intensity）increased toward the wall；the electrostatic potential at the central axis of longer pipelines exhibited linear growth.The study is expected to provide theoretical support for optimization and safety protection of liquid hydrogen pipeline transportation systems.

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