Localization Method for Partial Discharge in GIS Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Electromagnetic Time Reversal

JING Qianzhen; YAN Jing; WANG Yanxin; LIU Zhiyuan; GENG Yingsan; WANG Jianhua

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202606017

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Localization Method for Partial Discharge in GIS Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Electromagnetic Time Reversal

更新时间：2026-06-12

- Localization Method for Partial Discharge in GIS Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Electromagnetic Time Reversal
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 6, Pages: 201-212(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202606017
  CLC： TM85
- Received：11 November 2025，
  
  Published：10 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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JING Qianzhen, YAN Jing, WANG Yanxin, et al. Localization Method for Partial Discharge in GIS Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Electromagnetic Time Reversal[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 201-212.
DOI：

JING Qianzhen, YAN Jing, WANG Yanxin, et al. Localization Method for Partial Discharge in GIS Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Electromagnetic Time Reversal[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 201-212. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202606017.

摘要

为解决传统电磁时间反演方法在气体绝缘组合电器（GIS）局部放电定位时采用理想化参数构建等效模型而导致定位误差过大的问题，提出一种采用改进粒子群优化与电磁时间反演的GIS局部放电高精度定位方法。首先，构建电磁时间反演所需等效模型，实现电磁波的反向传播聚焦。以时空维度上的能量累积替代传统瞬时最大场强作为聚焦判据，显著提升聚焦点定位的稳定性与可靠性；其次，将能量集中度作为改进粒子群优化的适应度函数，通过对虚拟源注入位置的动态更新，补偿因模型参数理想化及虚拟源注入点偏移造成的定位误差；最后，引入动态惯性权重策略，使粒子群在早期具备更强的全局搜索能力，而在后期逐步聚焦于最优解邻域，从而提升全局搜索能力。仿真与实验验证表明，该方法在直筒型、T型和L型GIS腔体中的平均定位误差较传统电磁时间反演方法降低约36%，显著提升了局部放电源的定位精度。

Abstract

To address large localization errors that arise when idealized parameters are used to construct an equivalent model for conventional electromagnetic time reversal（EMTR）in locating partial discharges（PD）in gas-insulated switchgear（GIS），a high-precision localization method for PD in GIS using improved particle swarm optimization（IPSO）and EMTR is proposed.First，the equivalent model required for EMTR is established to enable time-reversal focusing of electromagnetic waves.Energy accumulation in the spatiotemporal domain is adopted as the focusing criterion instead of the conventional instantaneous peak field strength，substantially enhancing the stability and reliability of focal point localization.Second，energy concentration is defined as the fitness function of the IPSO algorithm；by dynamically updating the virtual-source injection positions，localization errors caused by idealized parameters for the model and deviations in virtual-source injection positions are compensated.Finally，a dynamic inertia weight strategy is introduced so that the particle swarm exhibits stronger global search capability in the early stage and progressively converges toward the neighborhood of optimal solutions in later stages，thus improving overall search performance.Simulation and experimental validations suggest that the proposed method reduces the average localization error by approximately 36%in cylindrical，T-shaped，and L-shaped GIS cavities compared with the conventional EMTR method，significantly improving PD source localization accuracy.

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references

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