Structure-Performance Relationship Among Electrodes and Their Coupling Mechanism Between Concentration and Current Density Fields for Vanadium Flow Battery

CHENG Qian; LI Mingjia; WU Tao; WANG Ruilong

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202606004

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Structure-Performance Relationship Among Electrodes and Their Coupling Mechanism Between Concentration and Current Density Fields for Vanadium Flow Battery

Special Topic Electrochemical Materials | 更新时间：2026-06-12

- Structure-Performance Relationship Among Electrodes and Their Coupling Mechanism Between Concentration and Current Density Fields for Vanadium Flow Battery
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 6, Pages: 50-63(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，100081，北京
  海尔智家股份有限公司，266101，山东青岛
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202606004
  CLC： TQ152
- Received：15 September 2025，
  
  Published：10 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
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CHENG Qian, LI Mingjia, WU Tao, et al. Structure-Performance Relationship Among Electrodes and Their Coupling Mechanism Between Concentration and Current Density Fields for Vanadium Flow Battery[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 50-63.
DOI：

CHENG Qian, LI Mingjia, WU Tao, et al. Structure-Performance Relationship Among Electrodes and Their Coupling Mechanism Between Concentration and Current Density Fields for Vanadium Flow Battery[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(6): 50-63. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202606004.

摘要

针对钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）不同种类电极构效关系的不明晰，及其传质性能与电化学性能难以兼顾的问题，以石墨毡、碳布及静电纺丝碳纤维（ECFs）等碳素类电极为研究对象，开展了电极构效关系的揭示，及其浓度场与电流密度场耦合机理的研究。首先，对3种电极的特性进行了表征，获得了影响电极性能的关键参数；其次，探究了电极种类和厚度对电池性能的影响规律，同时阐明了电极特性与电池性能间的构效关系；最后，分析了浓度场与电流密度场的耦合机理，进一步揭示了电极的优化机制。研究结果表明：石墨毡的渗透率最高，ECFs的比表面积最大。当测试面积为2cm×2cm时，石墨毡、ECFs、碳布的最佳厚度依次为2.0、0.8、1.5 mm。碳布具有优异的导电性、亲水性和可逆性，并且适中的渗透率与比表面积，能够有效协同浓度场与电流密度场。同时，随着电极厚度的增加，碳布展现出从肋下区域向膜侧迁移的高度协同性。这些特性使得采用碳布的VRFB在50 mA·cm

-2

的电流密度下，其能量效率相较于石墨毡和ECFs分别高出了6.27%和36.74%。该研究为开发兼具双重性能的VRFB电极提供了理论依据与设计思路。

Abstract

In light of unclear structure-performance relationships among different types of electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery（VRFB）and the difficulty in balancing mass transfer and electrochemical performance，carbonaceous electrodes，including graphite felt，carbon cloth，and electrospun carbon fibers（ECFs），were studied to elucidate their structure-performance relationships and explore the coupling mechanism between concentration and current density fields.First，the three electrode types were characterized and key parameters affecting electrode performance were identified.Second，the influence laws of electrode type and thickness on battery performance were examined，and the structure-performance relationships between electrode properties and battery performance were clarified.Finally，the coupling mechanism between concentration and current density fields was analyzed，further revealing the electrode optimization mechanism.The findings are as follows：Graphite felt possessed the highest permeability while ECFs exhibited the largest specific surface area.Under a 2 cm×2 cm test area，the optimal thicknesses of graphite felt，ECFs，and carbon cloth were 2.0，0.8，and 1.5 mm，respecti

vely.Carbon cloth was observed to exhibit excellent electrical conductivity，hydrophilicity，and electrochemical reversibility，and，owing to its moderate permeability and specific surface area，to effectively coordinate the concentration and current density fields.Moreover，with increasing electrode thickness，carbon cloth demonstrated a high degree of coordinated transport from the under-rib region toward the membrane side. Consequently，it was determined that the energy efficiency of a VRFB with carbon cloth at a current density of 50 mA·cm

-2

exceeded those of graphite felt and ECFs by 6.27%and 36.74%，respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis and design concepts for the development of VRFB electrodes that offer both mass transfer and electrochemical performance.

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