Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using <italic style="font-style: italic">d-q</italic> Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System

SONG Zhe; ZHOU Weihong; XIAO Xi

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202605017

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Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using d-q Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System

更新时间：2026-04-27

- Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using d-q Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 5, Pages: 174-184(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国矿业大学（北京）机械与电气工程学院，100083，北京
  清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，100084，北京
  长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司检测中心，410012，长沙
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202605017
  CLC： TM351
- Received：02 June 2025，
  
  Published：10 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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SONG Zhe, ZHOU Weihong, XIAO Xi. Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using d-q Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(5): 174-184. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202605017.
DOI：

SONG Zhe, ZHOU Weihong, XIAO Xi. Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using d-q Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(5): 174-184. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202605017. DOI：

摘要

在永磁同步电机（PMSM）无位置传感器控制系统中，针对传统基于

α-β

两相静止坐标系的滑模观测器（SMO）存在转速和转子位置估计误差较大的问题，提出了一种基于

d-q

同步旋转坐标系的PMSM无位置传感器控制方法。根据改进快速超螺旋算法设计了基于

d-q

坐标系的快速超螺旋滑模观测器（FST-SWO），实现对转速和转子位置的估计，减小了抖振和估计反电动势中的纹波。为了消除观测位置角的相位波动和漂移问题，构建了基于

d-q

坐标系的锁相环提取估计信息，避免了低通滤波器的使用和位置误差重构，提高了动态性能和观测精度。针对控制延时、安装误差和参数时变等非理想因素，在

d-q

坐标系下采用智能变步长爬山法对观测的误差角进行寻优补偿，进一步提高了观测精度。实验结果表明，该方法能够实现转速和转子位置的精确观测，与传统基于

α-β

坐标系的SMO相比，在稳态运行时，速度波动和谐波含量分别降低了33.33%和26.07%，位置观测精度提高了40%，在动态运行时，速度突增突减的调节时间分别缩短了78.18%和72.73%，展现出较好的动静态性能。

Abstract

In sensorless control systems for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs)

to address the issue of significant estimation errors in traditional sliding mode observers (SMOs) based on the

α-β

two-phase stationary coordinate system

this study proposes a sensorless control method for PMSMs based on the

d-q

synchronous rotating coordinate system. An FST-SMO based on the

d-q

coordinate system was designed according to an improved fast super-twisting algorithm

enabling the estimation of speed and rotor position while reducing chattering and ripple in the estimated back electromotive force. To eliminate phase fluctuations and drift in the observed position angle

a phase-locked loop based on the

d-q

coordinate system was constructed to extract the estimated information

avoiding the use of low-pass filters and position error reconstruction

thereby improving dynamic performance and observation accuracy. To address non-ideal factors such as control delays

installation errors

and time-varying parameters

an intelligent control variable-step hill-climbing method was employed in the

d-q

coordinate system to optimize and compensate for the observed error angle

further enhancing observation accuracy. Experimental results show that this method enables precise observation of speed an

d rotor position. Compared to traditional SMOs based on the

α-β

coordinate system

during steady-state operation

speed fluctuations and harmonic content are reduced by 33.33% and 26.07%

respectively

and position observation accuracy is improved by 40%. During dynamic operation

the adjustment times for sudden speed increases and decreases are reduced by 78.18% and 72.73%

respectively

demonstrating excellent static and dynamic performance.

关键词

Keywords

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Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using d-q Synchronous Rotating Coordinate System

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202605017

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references