Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO<sub>2</sub> Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization

YAO Keying; ZHANG Chunlin; LI Mengjie; LIU Zhanbin; DU Shen

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202605004

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Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization

Special Issue Energy Storage Technology | 更新时间：2026-04-27

- Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 5, Pages: 35-47(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学未来技术学院，710049，西安
  中能建数字科技集团有限公司，100044，北京
  西安交通大学国家储能技术产教融合创新平台（中心），710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202605004
  CLC： TK124
- Received：21 September 2025，
  
  Published：10 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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YAO Keying, ZHANG Chunlin, LI Mengjie, et al. Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(5): 35-47. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202605004.
DOI：

YAO Keying, ZHANG Chunlin, LI Mengjie, et al. Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(5): 35-47. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202605004. DOI：

摘要

为了兼顾液态存储压缩二氧化碳储能技术（L-CCES）的储能效率与储能密度，采用“不补热少弃热”的系统优化设计思路，提出并优化了一种新型L-CCES系统。首先，基于建立的L-CCES系统热力学模型，结合㶲分析方法，研究了典型L-CCES系统构型下储热工质流量分配比和储热工质-二氧化碳流量比对系统热性能的影响，分析了典型L-CCES系统的㶲损情况，揭示了系统的能量转化特性。在此基础上，针对典型系统中㶲损最大的储热与换热单元，以提升储热工质的换热均匀性为优化方向，并结合工程实际，通过增设中间冷却器与优化间冷温度等改进措施，进一步提升了储能效率。研究结果表明，典型L-CCES系统储能效率为64.65%，其储换热单元㶲损最高，占比达59.7%，说明系统储热量与储热品位相互匹配是提升系统储能效率的关键。相比之下，当间冷温度优化为46℃时，新型系统储热工质换热均匀性得以提升，其储热与换热单元㶲损相比于典型系统下降了16.7%，总㶲损由218.69 MW·h下降到198.82 MW·h，储能效率提升至66.80%。该研究为L-CCES系统优化设计提供了理论指导。

Abstract

To balance the energy storage efficiency and density of liquid compressed CO

energy storage (L-CCES) technology

a novel L-CCES system is proposed and optimized based on a system design philosophy of “minimizing supplementary heating and waste heat rej ection ”. Firstly

based on the established thermodynamic model of the L-CCES system

combined with exergy analysis

the effects of the heat storage medium flow distribution ratio and the heat storage medium-to-CO

flow ratio on the thermal performance of a typical L-CCES system configuration were investigated. The exergy loss of the typical system was analyzed

and the energy conversion characteristics were also revealed. Building on this

the heat storage and exchange unit—identified as the largest contributor to exergy loss in the typical

system—was targeted to improve the uniformity of heat exchange in the heat storage medium. By considering practical engineering applications

enhancements such as adding an intercooler and optimizing the intercooling temperature were implemented to further boost energy storage efficiency. The results show that the energy storage efficiency of the typical L-CCES system is 64.65%

with its heat storage and exchange unit accounting for the highest exergy loss at 59.7%

indicating that matching the quantity and grade (temperature) of stored heat is key to improving system efficiency. In contrast

when the intercooling temperature is optimized to 46℃

the novel system achieves greater heat exchange uniformity of the storage medium. Consequently

the exergy loss of its heat storage and exchange unit decreases by 16.7% compared to the typical system

the total exergy loss drops from 218.69 MW·h to 198.82 MW·h

and the energy storage efficiency increases to 66.80%. This study provides theoretical guidance for the optimal design of L-CCES systems.

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Related Institution

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⁰

Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO2 Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202605004

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Performance Improvement of Liquid Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System Based on Heat Storage and Exchange Unit Optimization