Simulation and Performance Analysis of Spiral Line Combined Mechanical Seals Considering Cavitation and Viscosity-Heating Effects

JIANG Andi; DING Xuexing; WANG Shipeng; LI Ning; DING Junhua; JIANG Haitao

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202604022

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Simulation and Performance Analysis of Spiral Line Combined Mechanical Seals Considering Cavitation and Viscosity-Heating Effects

更新时间：2026-04-10

- Simulation and Performance Analysis of Spiral Line Combined Mechanical Seals Considering Cavitation and Viscosity-Heating Effects
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 4, Pages: 261-270(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  兰州理工大学石油化工学院，730050，兰州
  中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，412002，湖南株洲
  兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室，730050，兰州
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202604022
  CLC： TB42
- Received：01 September 2025，
  
  Online First：08 January 2025，
  
  Published：10 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
JIANG Andi, DING Xuexing, WANG Shipeng, et al. Simulation and Performance Analysis of Spiral Line Combined Mechanical Seals Considering Cavitation and Viscosity-Heating Effects[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 261-270.
DOI：

JIANG Andi, DING Xuexing, WANG Shipeng, et al. Simulation and Performance Analysis of Spiral Line Combined Mechanical Seals Considering Cavitation and Viscosity-Heating Effects[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 261-270. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202604022.

摘要

为减缓螺旋槽机械密封液膜中的空化现象，通过调整背风侧螺旋线的角度

Ⅱ

，提出了一种螺旋线组合型端面结构。综合考虑高转速下液膜空化和黏性生热现象的加剧，采用仿真软件计算了密封液膜流场，对比分析了工况条件和结构参数对螺旋线组合型槽的空化-黏性热效应及密封性能的影响，并探究了液膜压力与温度变化对空化现象的耦合影响。研究表明：液膜空化主要发生在局部压力较低的螺旋槽背风侧，采用螺旋角

Ⅱ

小于螺旋角

Ⅰ

的组合型槽可以降低空化程度，其液膜空化体积比传统螺旋槽缩小47.37%；开启力和泄漏率均随着转速和进口压力的增加呈线性增长，空化体积随着转速的增加而扩大，但随着进口压力的增加则明显降低；在低压力和高转速工况下，空化效应受槽型结构的影响更为明显，空化区域随槽深和螺旋角

Ⅱ

的增加而显著减少；另外，开启力和泄漏率随着两者的增加先增加后减小，存在结构参数的优选方案，其中槽深的优选值为5～8 μm。研究结果期望抑制液膜机械密封的空化现象并改善密封性能。

Abstract

To mitigate cavitation in the liquid film of spiral groove mechanical seals，a combined spiral line end-face structure was proposed by adjusting the angle

Ⅱ

of the spiral line on the downwind side.Considering the exacerbation of both liquid-film cavitation and viscous heat generation under high rotational speeds，simulation software was employed to calculate the flow field of the sealing liquid film.The influences of operati

ng conditions and structural parameters on the cavitationviscosity-heating effect and sealing performance of the combined spiral line groove were compared and analyzed，and the coupled effect of liquid-film pressure and temperature variations on cavitation was investigated.The study shows that liquid-film cavitation primarily occurs on the downwind side of the spiral groove where local pressure is relatively low.The use of a combined groove with a spiral angle

Ⅱ

smaller than the spiral angle

Ⅰ

can reduce the degree of cavitation，decreasing the cavitation volume in the liquid film by 47.37% compared with that in conventional spiral grooves.Both the opening force and leakage rate increase linearly with rotational speed and inlet pressure，while the cavitation volume expands with increasing rotational speed but decreases significantly with increasing inlet pressure.Under low-pressure and high-speed operating conditions，the cavitation effect is more noticeably influenced by groove geometry；the cavitation region decreases markedly as the groove depth and spiral angle

Ⅱ

increase.Moreover，the opening force and leakage rate first increase and then decrease with the increase of these two parameters，indicating that an optimal set of structural parameters exists，with a preferred groove depth ranging from 5 to 8μm. The research findings are expected to help suppress cavitation in liquid-film mechanical seals and improve sealing performance.

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Related Institution

College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology

Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps, Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology

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