An Image Encryption Algorithm for Multi-User Hierarchical Security in Resource-Constrained Environments

ZHU Liya; MU Xinyu; PU Jing; YAN Maode; JIANG Donghua

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202604020

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An Image Encryption Algorithm for Multi-User Hierarchical Security in Resource-Constrained Environments

更新时间：2026-04-10

- An Image Encryption Algorithm for Multi-User Hierarchical Security in Resource-Constrained Environments
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 4, Pages: 239-249(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  长安大学电子与控制工程学院，710064，西安
  长安大学西安市智能高速公路信息融合与控制重点实验室，710064，西安
  中山大学计算机科学与工程学院，510006，广州
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202604020
  CLC： TP391
- Received：03 August 2025，
  
  Online First：15 December 2025，
  
  Published：10 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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ZHU Liya, MU Xinyu, PU Jing, et al. An Image Encryption Algorithm for Multi-User Hierarchical Security in Resource-Constrained Environments[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 239-249.
DOI：

ZHU Liya, MU Xinyu, PU Jing, et al. An Image Encryption Algorithm for Multi-User Hierarchical Security in Resource-Constrained Environments[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 239-249. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202604020.

摘要

为有效解决资源受限环境下不同权限等级用户的差异化隐私保护问题，提出了一种结合图像频率分类和分块压缩感知的图像加密算法。首先，将明文图像分块后进行离散余弦变换（DCT），利用Zigzag扫描将各图像块的DCT系数矩阵转换为包含不同频率分量的向量，完成频率分类；其次，提出了考虑图像特征的自适应阈值稀疏化方法，针对不同频率进行阈值稀疏化处理；再次，设计并利用改进的二维混沌系统构造测量矩阵，对各频率分量分别进行压缩测量，将测量结果重组后经过二次加密生成密文图像；最后，不同权限等级的用户利用对应的密钥获得差异化的解密图像，从而实现基于权限等级的图像信息分级保护。研究结果表明：该算法可为高、中、低3个权限等级用户提供具有显著差异的解密图像。在保证安全性的同时，压缩性能提升约7～12 dB，时间开销减少了38%以上，处理效率显著提高。所提算法适用于资源受限环境下的图像快速处理，能够有效实现面向多用户的图像安全分级保护。

Abstract

To effectively address the issue of differentiated privacy protection for users with different authorization levels in resource-constrained environments，an image encryption algorithm integrating image frequency classification and block compressed sensing is proposed.First，the plaintext image is divided into blocks，and each block is transformed via the discrete cosine transform（DCT）. Using Zigzag scanning，the DCT coefficient matrix of each image block is converted into a vector containing different frequency components，thereby completing frequency classification.Second，an adaptive threshold sparsification method that accounts for image characteristics is proposed to perform sparsification on different frequency components according to varying thresholds.Third，an improved two-dimensional chaotic system is designed and used to construct a measurement matrix.Each frequency component is then measured separately via compressed sensing，after which the measurement results are reorganized and subj ected to secondary encryption to generate the cipher image.Finally，users with different permission levels obtain differentiated decrypted images using corresponding keys，thereby achieving hierarchical protection of image information based on access rights.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can provide decrypted images with clearly distinguishable quality for users at high，medium，and low permission levels. While ensuring security，the compression performance is improved by approximately 7—12 dB，the time cost is reduced by more than 38%，and processing efficiency is significantly enhanced. The proposed algorithm is suitable for fast image processing in resource-constrained environments and can effectively achieve hierarchical image security protection for multiple users.

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