Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Chambers with Inverse Opal Wick Structures

LI Yanan; WANG Chunling; SHI Yawen; QI Runsheng; LI Zengyao

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202604017

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Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Chambers with Inverse Opal Wick Structures

—————————————————————— | 更新时间：2026-04-10

- Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Chambers with Inverse Opal Wick Structures
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 4, Pages: 210-217(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室，710049，西安
  西安交通大学环境与疾病相关基因教育部重点实验室，710061，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202604017
  CLC： TK172
- Received：25 August 2025，
  
  Online First：17 December 2025，
  
  Published：10 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LI Yanan, WANG Chunling, SHI Yawen, et al. Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Chambers with Inverse Opal Wick Structures[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 210-217.
DOI：

LI Yanan, WANG Chunling, SHI Yawen, et al. Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Chambers with Inverse Opal Wick Structures[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 210-217. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202604017.

摘要

针对传统均热板孔径单一及孔道不规则的吸液芯难以兼顾毛细压力和渗透率，从而导致高热流密度下蒸发段液体供应能力不足，进而限制均热板传热极限的问题，将有序微纳面心立方多孔结构引入热管散热领域，制备了一种以超亲水铜反蛋白石多孔结构为吸液芯的均热板。首先，以自组装蛋白石结构为模板，采用电化学沉积法制备有序面心立方反蛋白石，并将其独特的大连通孔及小烧结颈相耦合，得到高毛细压力和高渗透率的多孔结构；然后，采用超疏水微纳铜作为冷凝段表面，实现了高传热系数珠状凝结和跳滴回液；最后，封装蒸发段、冷凝段并抽真空、充液，制备得到均热板。采用自主搭建的测试系统对所制备均热板的传热特性开展实验研究，结果表明：该均热板在以去离子水为工质、充液率50%的条件下，散热能力大于244 W/cm

，最低总热阻为0.1450℃/W，最低均温热阻为0.0267℃/W，相较于传统均热板，传热极限更高。该研究揭示了有序多孔结构在提升均热板传热极限中的关键作用，为更高热流密度的电子器件散热提供了极具潜力的解决方案。

Abstract

To address the issue of insufficient liquid supply in the evaporation section under high heat flux in traditional vapor chambers，caused by the difficulty in simultaneously achieving high capillary pressure and high permeability due to the single pore size and irregular channels of conventional wicks，an ordered micro/nano face-centered cubic porous structure is introduced into the field of heat pipe cooling.A vapor chamber utilizing a superhydrophilic copper inverse opal porous structure as the wick was fabricated.Firstly，an ordered face-centered cubic inverse opal structure was prepared via electrochemical deposition using a self-assembled opal template.The coupling of its large interconnected pores and small sintered necks resulted in a porous structure with high capillary pressure and high permeability.Subsequently，superhydrophobic micro/nano structured copper was employed as the condenser surface to achieve dropwise condensation with high heat transfer coefficients and

j umping-droplet liquid return.Finally，the vapor chamber was assembled by sealing the evaporator and condenser sections，followed by evacuation and liquid filling.Experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of the fabricated vapor chamber were conducted using a custom-built testing system.The results indicate that，with deionized water as the working fluid at a 50% filling ratio，the vapor chamber exhibits a heat dissipation capacity greater than 244 W/cm

，a minimum total thermal resistance of 0.1450 ℃/W，and a minimum thermal uniformity resistance of 0.0267 ℃/W，demonstrating a higher heat transfer limit compared to conventional vapor chambers.This study reveals the critical role of ordered porous structures in enhancing the heat transfer limit of vapor chambers，providing a promising solution for thermal management of electronic devices with higher heat flux.

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