Liquid-Gas Hybrid Compressed Energy Storage：A Novel High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology

LI Ruixiong; ZHANG Yufei; GUO Zi'ao; WANG Huanran; XI Guang; YIN Yao; SUN Hao; CAI Xuchao; SUN Xujie

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202604009

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Liquid-Gas Hybrid Compressed Energy Storage：A Novel High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology

Special Topic Outstanding Achievements in Natural Sciences of Xi'an Jiaotong University | 更新时间：2026-04-10

- Liquid-Gas Hybrid Compressed Energy Storage：A Novel High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 4, Pages: 115-127(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室，710049，西安
  西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202604009
  CLC： TK02
- Received：28 September 2025，
  
  Online First：10 October 2025，
  
  Published：10 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LI Ruixiong, ZHANG Yufei, GUO Zi'ao, et al. Liquid-Gas Hybrid Compressed Energy Storage：A Novel High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 115-127.
DOI：

LI Ruixiong, ZHANG Yufei, GUO Zi'ao, et al. Liquid-Gas Hybrid Compressed Energy Storage：A Novel High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Compressed Air Energy Storage Technology[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(4): 115-127. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202604009.

摘要

压缩空气储能技术是减少弃风弃光，实现电能大容量与规模化存储的关键支撑技术。然而，受限于系统热管理效率低、热压协同失配等本征性短板，致使系统整体运行效能与经济效益受到显著影响。为此，西安交通大学先进储能团队通过融合抽水蓄能的高效能量转换特性与压缩空气储能的低成本优势，提出一种基于液气两相工质的复合压缩储能新架构，该技术以气-液两相工质为载体，利用水力设备作为电能-势能转化设备的同时，通过液气界面强化热质交换实现储能介质（空气）的近等温压缩/膨胀，从而有效抑制由热力学不可逆性导致的可用能损失，实现系统运行过程能量高效存储与释放。实验结果表明，所提液气复合压缩储能系统具有储能密度高、压缩效率高与地理依赖低等优势，其能量存储密度是抽水蓄能的3倍以上，系统循环效率比传统压缩空气储能技术提高超过20%。目前，液气复合压缩储能技术在系统拓扑结构优化、液气耦合储/释能关键装备设计、高压储能装置制造等方向已取得阶段性进展，并在山东泰安、江西九江等地相继启动工程示范项目。该技术的规模化应用将为缓解弃风弃光压力、平抑电网负荷波动提供重要技术支撑。未来研究将重点围绕系统集成协同调控、关键装备性能强化与低成本制造工艺突破等方面展开，以推动其进一步成熟与工程化，进而为提升可再生能源渗透率与整体利用效率，提供具备可行性的系统解决方案。

Abstract

Compressed air energy storage（CAES）technology is a key supporting technology for reducing wind and solar curtailment and achieving large-capacity and scalable electrical energy storage. However，inherent shortcomings such as low thermal management efficiency and mismatched thermocompressive coordination have significantly constrained the overall operational performance and economic viability of the system.To address this，the Advanced Energy Storage Team at Xi'an Jiaotong University has proposed a new hybrid compressed energy storage architecture based on a liquidgas two-phase working fluid，which integrates the high energy-conversion efficiency of pumped storage with the low-cost advantages of CAES.In this technology，the liquid-gas two-phase fluid serves as the working medium，where hydraulic equipment is employed as the electric-to-potential energy conversion device.Simultaneously，heat and mass transfer is intensified at the liquid-gas interface to achieve near-isothermal compression/expansion of the storage medium（air），thereby effectively suppressing the available energy loss caused by thermodynamic irreversibility and enabling highly efficient energy storage and release during system operation.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed liquid-gas hybrid compressed energy storage system exhibits advantages including high energy storage density，high compression efficiency，and low geographical dependence.Its energy storage density exceeds three times that of pumped storage，and the system round-trip efficiency is improved by more than 20% compared with conventional CAES technology.To date，significant progress has been made in the optimization of system topology，the design of key liquid-gas coupled storage/release equipment，and the manufacturing of highpressure energy storage devices.Engineering demonstration projects have been successively launched in locations such as Tai'an，Shandong and Jiujiang，Jiangxi.The large-scale application of this technology is expected to provide important technical support for alleviating wind and solar curtailment，smoothing grid load fluctuations.Future research will focus on system integration and coordinated control，enhancement of key equipment performance，and breakthroughs in lowcost manufacturing processes，to facilitate its further maturation and engineering application，thereby providing a feasible systemic solution for improving the penetration and overall utilization efficiency of renewable energy.

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