Research on Unsteady Flow and Multi-Parameter Heat Transfer Coupling Mechanism for Liquid Metal Pulsating Crossflow Over Tube Bundles

JIANG Hantao; CHEN Hui; LIU Yingwen

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603013

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Research on Unsteady Flow and Multi-Parameter Heat Transfer Coupling Mechanism for Liquid Metal Pulsating Crossflow Over Tube Bundles

更新时间：2026-03-09

- Research on Unsteady Flow and Multi-Parameter Heat Transfer Coupling Mechanism for Liquid Metal Pulsating Crossflow Over Tube Bundles
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 3, Pages: 132-143(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603013
  CLC： TK124
- Received：18 July 2025，
  
  Published：10 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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JIANG Hantao, CHEN Hui, LIU Yingwen. Research on Unsteady Flow and Multi-Parameter Heat Transfer Coupling Mechanism for Liquid Metal Pulsating Crossflow Over Tube Bundles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 132-143.
DOI：

JIANG Hantao, CHEN Hui, LIU Yingwen. Research on Unsteady Flow and Multi-Parameter Heat Transfer Coupling Mechanism for Liquid Metal Pulsating Crossflow Over Tube Bundles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 132-143. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603013.

摘要

针对传统顺排管束布置中二次流有限而导致的传热受限问题，将液态金属横掠管束和脉动流两种方法相结合，针对传热性能展开数值模拟研究。首先，建立液态金属横掠管束模型，并基于该物理模型验证湍流模型和湍流普朗特数的可靠性；接着，建立具有流动分离和逆压梯度特征的凹槽模型，验证湍流模型对脉动流的适用性；然后，对施加脉动流后的非稳态流场进行了分析；最后，采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法，以管束流向间距比、横向间距比、贝克莱数、脉动振幅和脉动频率为设计变量，努塞尔数为目标函数，对液态金属脉动横掠管束进行数值模拟。结果表明：脉动流的引入导致涡结构的演变增强了再循环区的湍流程度，与稳态流动相比湍动能增强3～4倍，传热性能提升1.05～1.70倍；努塞尔数与贝克莱数、脉动振幅呈现正相关，与横向间距和流向间距呈负相关，而不同参数条件下则存在最佳脉动频率，范围在7.5～12.5 Hz；所提传热关联式预测误差不超过8%。研究对推进换热器设计、提高热效率、工程应用具有参考意义。

Abstract

To address the heat transfer limitation resulting from limited secondary flow in traditional in-line tube bundle arrangements

the liquid metal cross-flow over tube bundles is combined with pulsating flow to investigate heat transfer performance through numerical simulations.Firstly

a model of liquid metal cross-flow over tube bundles is established

and the reliability of the turbulence model and turbulent Prandtl number is validated based on this physical model. Subsequently

a grooved model with characteristics of flow separation and adverse pressure gradients is constructed to verify the applicability of the turbulence model for pulsating flows. Next

the unsteady flow field induced by the application of pulsating flow is analyzed.Finally

using the Box-Behnken experimental design method

numerical simulations of liquid metal pulsating crossflow over tube bundles are conducted with streamwise pitch ratio

transverse pitch ratio

Péclet number

pulsation amplitude

and pulsation frequency as design variables

and the Nusselt number as the objective function.The results show that the introduction of pulsating flow leads to the evolution of vortex structures

which enhances turbulence in the recirculation zones.Compared to steady-state flow

the turbulent kinetic energy increases by 3—4 times

while heat transfer performance improves by 1.05—1.70 times.The Nusselt number exhibits a positive correlation with the Peclet number and pulsation amplitude

but a negative correlation with transverse and streamwise pitch ratios.Meanwhile

under different parameter conditions

an optimal pulsation frequency within the range of 7.5—12.5 Hz is identified.The proposed heat transfer correlation achieves a prediction error of no more than 8%.It provides valuable insights for advancing heat exchanger design

improving thermal efficiency

and supporting engineering applications.

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references

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