Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment

GUO Jipu; WEI Xiaolong; WANG Kai; WANG Meiyan; YAN Bin; LI Xu; ZHANG Zhe; WU Yao; YANG Honghui

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603005

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment

—————————————————————— | 更新时间：2026-03-09

- Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 3, Pages: 42-54(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  国网（西安）环保技术中心有限公司，710100，西安
  国网西安供电公司临潼区供电分公司，710600，西安
  国网陕西省电力有限公司咸阳供电公司，712000，陕西咸阳
  西安交通大学化学学院，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603005
  CLC： TK519;TB324
- Received：22 May 2025，
  
  Published：10 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
GUO Jipu, WEI Xiaolong, WANG Kai, et al. Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 42-54.
DOI：

GUO Jipu, WEI Xiaolong, WANG Kai, et al. Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Wastewater Treatment[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 42-54. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603005.

摘要

为解决传统光热材料在太阳能驱动界面蒸发（SDIE）中光吸收范围窄、

稳定性不足、功能单一的问题，综述了共轭聚合物基光热材料（PTMs）的应用研究，利用PTMs的共轭π键所赋予的宽光谱吸收能力与优异的分子可设计性，通过分子设计与复合改性弥补无机材料的短板。系统阐述该类材料的光热转换机理、材料特性及主要优化路径，重点归纳对比聚苯胺（PANI）、聚吡咯（PPy）、聚多巴胺（PDA）、聚（3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）4类材料的光吸收率、蒸发速率、光热转换效率及抗盐、净化性能。研究结果表明：PANI基材料经酸掺杂和纳米复合后，其近红外吸收与功能化得到显著增强，蒸发速率最高可达2.99 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PPy基PTMs凭借全光谱吸收与多孔结构，蒸发速率可达3.32 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PDA基PTMs与余热耦合后，蒸发速率提升至8.73 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

；PEDOT基PTMs通过双网络设计，光吸收率达99.8%且稳定性优异。共轭聚合物基PTMs在SDIE中具备宽带吸收、可设计性强、环境友好等显著优势，未来需通过分子调控开发新型材料，优化输水/隔热层设计以减少热损失，推动多功能系统规模化应用，可为应对淡水危机与可持续发展提供技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the limitations of traditional photothermal materials in solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE)

including narrow light absorption range

insufficient stability

and single functionality

this paper reviews the application research of conjugated polymer-based photothermal materials (PTMs).Leveraging their wide-spectrum light absorption capabilities from conjugated π-bonds and strong molecular designability

these materials overcome the shortcomings of inorganic materials through molecular design and composite modifications.The photothermal conversion mechanisms

material characteristics

and key optimization strategies of these PTMs are systematically elaborated.Special focus is placed on comparing the light absorption efficiency

evaporation rate

photothermal conversion efficiency

salt resistance

and purification performance of four representative materials：polyaniline (PANI )

polypyrrole (PPy)

polydopamine (PDA )

and poly (3

4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The results indicate that PANI-based materials achieve enhanced near-infrared absorption efficiency and functionalization via acid doping and nanocomposite modification

with a maximum evaporation rate of 2.99 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

.PPy-based PTMs exhibit an evaporation rate of 3.32 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

due to full-spectrum absorption and porous structures. PDA-based PTMs

when coupled with waste heat

achieve an evaporation rate of 8.73 kg·m

-2

·h

-1

. PEDOT-based PTMs demonstrate 99.8% light absorption efficiency and excellent stability through dual-network design.Conjugated polymer-based PTMs offer distinct advantages in SDIE

including broadband absorption

strong designability

and environmental friendliness.Future research should focus on developing novel materials through molecular regulation

optimizing water-transport/thermal-insulation layer designs to minimize heat loss

and promoting large-scale applications of multifunctional systems.These advancements will provide technical support for addressing freshwater crises and promoting sustainable development.

关键词

Keywords

references

MEKONNEN M M, HOEKSTRA A Y.Four billion people facing severe water scarcity[J].Science Advances, 2016, 2(2)：e1500323.

ELIMELECH M, PHILLIP W A.The future of seawater desalination：energy, technology, and the environment[J].Science, 2011, 333(6043)：712-717.

DAO V D, VU N H, YUN Sining.Recent advances and challenges for solar-driven water evaporation system toward applications[J].Nano Energy, 2020, 68：104324.

周士鹤，郭亚丽，沈胜强，等.低温多效蒸发海水淡化装置中流动阻力对传热温差的影响[J].西安交通大学学报，2015，49(5)：30-35.

ZHOU Shihe，GUO Yali，SHEN Shengqiang，et al. Analysis of flow resistance on the heat transfer temperature difference in low-temperature multiple effect distillation desalination plant[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University，2015，49(5)：30-35.

ULIANA A A, BUI N T, KAMCEV J, et al. Ioncapture electrodialysis using multifunctional adsorptive membranes[J].Science, 2021, 372(6539)：296-299.

VAN DER BRUGGEN B, VANDECASTEELE C. Removal of pollutants from surface water and groundwater by nanofiltration：overview of possible applications in the drinking water industry[J].Environmental Pollution, 2003, 122(3)：435-445.

NIGIM T H.Novel classification of multistage flash desalination via finite and infinite flashing：Investigating thermofluid dynamics under varying inlet flow rates employing validated multiphase CFD simulations[J]. Computers &Chemical Engineering, 2023, 179：108437.

NIGIM T H, EATON J A.CFDprediction of the flashing processes in a MSF desalination chamber[J]. Desalination, 2017, 420：258-272.

严俊杰，王金华，邵树峰，等.多级闪蒸海水淡化系统的改进研究[J].西安交通大学学报，2005，39(11)：1165-1168.

YAN Junjie，WANG Jinhua，SHAO Shufeng，et al. Improvement of multi-stage flash seawater desalination system[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University，2005，39(11)：1165-1168.

RAZA A, LU Jinyou, ALZAIM S, et al. Novel receiver-enhanced solar vapor generation：review and perspectives[J].Energies, 2018, 11(1)：253.

CHERP A, JEWELL J.The concept of energy security：beyond the four as[J].Energy Policy, 2014, 75：415-421.

GAO Minmin, ZHU Liang, PEH C K, et al. Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production[J].Energy & Environmental Science, 2019, 12(3)：841-864.

TAO Peng, NI G, SONG Chengyi, et al. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation[J].Nature Energy, 2018, 3(12)：1031-1041 .

ZHAO Fei, GUO Youhong, ZHOU Xingyi, et al. Materials for solar-powered water evaporation[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2020, 5(5)：388-401.

HE Fang, WU Xiaochun, GAO Jie, et al. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation toward clean water production：burgeoning materials, concepts and technologies[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry：A, 2021, 9 (48 )：27121-27139.

李雪，周明宇，韩朋，等.高效太阳能驱动海水淡化的最新研究进展[J].材料导报，2024，38 (13 )：27-42.

LI Xue，ZHOU Mingyu，HAN Peng，et al. Recent research advances in efficient solar-driven desalination[J]. Materials Reports，2024，38(13)：27-42.

LU Xiaoyan, MU Chunxia, LIU Yuxuan, et al. Recent advances in solar-driven interfacial evaporation coupling systems：energy conversion, water purification, and seawater resource extraction[J].Nano Energy, 2024, 120：109180.

凌童，段慧玲，闫煜杰，等.太阳能界面蒸发的应用综述[J].分布式能源，2021，6(3)：1-9.

LING Tong，DUAN Huiling，YAN Yujie，et al. Review on application of solar interfacial evaporation[J]. Distributed Energy，2021，6(3)：1-9.

NEUMANN O, URBAN A S, DAY J, et al. Solar vapor generation enabled by nanoparticles[J].ACS Nano, 2013, 7(1)：42-49.

LI Ruiqi, ZHOU Changqing, YANG Lixue, et al. Multifunctional cotton with PANI-Ag NPs heterojunction for solar-driven water evaporation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 424(Part C)：127367.

YANG Bo, ZHANG Zhiming, LIU Peitao, et al. Flatband λ-Ti 3 O 5 towards extraordinary solar steam generation[J ] .Nature, 2023, 622(7983)：499-506.[22 ] WANG Juan, LI Yangyang, DENG Lin, et al. HighPerformance photothermal conversion of narrowbandgap Ti 2 O 3 nanoparticles[J ] .Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(3)：1603730.

WU Jiali, HAN Shengjie, XU Lei, et al. Recent progress of solar-driven interfacial evaporation based on organic semiconductor materials[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 326：124759.

HE Yujian, ZHAO Demin, WANG Heng, et al. 3D graphene composite foams for efficient and stable solar desalination of high-salinity brine[J].Solar RRL, 2023, 7(14)：2300313.

CHENG Shangru, XU Tianyi, LU Penglin, et al. Construction of a reduced graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-natural rubber (NR) porous rubber sponge toward solar-driven sustainable water purification[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2023, 55：104234.

XIAO Linhong, CHEN Xin, YANG Xinyue, et al. Recent advances in polymer-based photothermal materials for biological applications[J].ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2020, 2(10)：4273-4288.

FU Ruijuan, CAO Xiaoyin, ZHANG Hongyu, et al. High-efficient solar steam generation assisted removal of radioactive iodine ions from water by carbonized conjugated microporous polymer-based photothermal conversion materials[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 330(Part A)：125283.

YU Zhen, SU Yuqing, GU Ruonan, et al. Micro-nano water film enabled high-performance interfacial solar evaporation[J].Nano-Micro Letters, 2023, 15 (1)：214.

CHEN Hao, PANGuangze, YAN Mei, et al. Janus membrane with enhanced interfacial activation for solar evaporation[J].Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2023, 87：1-11.

HAN Jiang, XING Wenqian, YAN Jun, et al. Stretchable and superhydrophilic polyaniline/halloysite decorated nanofiber composite evaporator for high efficiency seawater desalination[J].Advanced Fiber Materials, 2022, 4(5)：1233-1245.

葛灿，张传雄，方剑.界面光热转换水蒸发系统用纤维材料的研究进展[J].纺织学报，2021，42 (12)：166-173.

GE Can，ZHANG Chuanxiong，FANG Jian.Research progress in fibrous materials for interfacial solar steam generation system[J].Journal of Textile Research，2021，42(12)：166-173.

WU Xuan, LU Yi, REN Xiaohu, et al. Interfacial solar evaporation：from fundamental research to applications[J].Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(23)：2313090.

TAN Xinyan, ZHANG He, LI Lele, et al. A promising technology：solar-driven interfacial evaporation with facilitation strategies, multifunctional applications and perspectives[J]. Chemical Communications, 2023, 59(63)：9556-9574.

GHASEMI H, NI G, MARCONNET A M, et al. Solar steam generation by heat localization[J].Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1)：4449 .

NI G, LI G, BORISKINA S V, et al. Steam generation under one sun enabled by a floating structure with thermal concentration[J].Nature Energy, 2016, 1(9)：16126.

ZHAO Zexiang, WANG Chengbing, WEI Dan, et al. Condensation device design represents a critical step for solar-driven water evaporation toward practical applications[J].Cell Reports Physical Science, 2024, 5 (2)：101794.

ZHAO Qi, YANG Yawei, PAN Cheng, et al. Integrated strategy of solar evaporator and steam collector configurations for interfacial evaporation water purification[J].Solar Energy, 2023, 266：112187.

江代君，郑臻，吴炎琳，等.界面光热蒸发器的研究进展[J].太阳能，2021(11)：19-28.

JIANG Daijun，ZHENG Zhen，WU Yanlin，et al. Research progress of interfacial photothermal evaporation devices[J].Solar Energy，2021(11)：19-28.

XU Ying, MA Jiaxiang, HAN Yu, et al. A simple and universal strategy to deposit Ag/polypyrrole on various substrates for enhanced interfacial solar evaporation and antibacterial activity[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 384：123379.

SU Lifen, LIU Xiaoyu, XIA Wei, et al. Simultaneous photothermal and photocatalytic MOF-derived C/TiO 2 composites for high-efficiency solar driven purification of sewage[J ] .Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 650(Part A)：613-621.

DING Dandan, GUO Wei, GUO Chongshen, et al. MoO 3- x quantum dots for photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal/photodynamic cancer treatment[J ] . Nanoscale, 2017, 9(5)：2020-2029.

HAN Xuemei, BESTEIRO L V, KOH C S L, et al. Intensifying heat using MOF-isolated graphene for solar-driven seawater desalination at 98% solar-to-thermal efficiency[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2021 , 31(13)：2008904.

ZHAO Xin, MENG Xiangtong, ZOU Hongqi, et al. Topographic manipulation of graphene oxide by polyaniline nanocone arrays enables high-performance solardriven water evaporation[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2023 , 33(7)：2209207.

WANG Daiyi, LIN Xiaofeng, WU Yujian, et al. Hanging photothermal fabric based on polyaniline/carbon nanotubes for efficient solar water evaporation[J].ACS Omega, 2023, 8(47)：44659-44666.

CHEN Guanyu, SUN Jiangman, PENG Qian, et al. Biradical-featured stable organic-small-molecule photothermal materials for highly efficient solar-driven water evaporation[J].Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(29)：1908537.

YANG Yuchong, HE Ping, WANG Yunxia, et al. Supramolecular radical anions triggered by bacteria in situ for selective photothermal therapy[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2017, 56 (51)：16239-16242.

WANG Xu, LIU Qingchang, WU Siyao, et al. Multilayer polypyrrole nanosheets with self-organized surface structures for flexible and efficient solar-thermal energy conversion[J].Advanced Materials, 2019, 31 (19)：1807716.

CUI Ximin, RUAN Qifeng, ZHUO Xiaolu, et al. Photothermal nanomaterials：a powerful light-to-heat converter[J].Chemical Reviews, 2023, 123 (11 )：6891-6952.

LI Jing, WANG Luoqing, ZHANG Chenyang, et al. Manipulation of the self-assembly morphology by sidechain engineering of quinoxaline-substituted organic photothermal molecules for highly efficient solar-thermal conversion and applications[J].Angewandte Chemie, 2024, 136(20)：e202402726.

沈钟平，张华.影响地面太阳辐射及其谱分布的因子分析[J].太阳能学报，2009，30(10)：1389-1395.

SHEN Zhongping，ZHANG Hua.Analysis on the factors affecting surface solar radiation and its spectral distribution[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2009，30(10)：1389-1395.

LIAO Qihua, ZHANG Panpan, YAO Houze, et al. Reduced graphene oxide-based spectrally selective absorber with an extremely low thermal emittance and high solar absorptance[J].Advanced Science, 2020, 7(8)：1903125.

JUNG H S, VERWILST P, SHARMA A, et al. Organic molecule-based photothermal agents：an expanding photothermal therapy universe[J].Chemical So ciety Reviews, 2018, 47(7)：2280-2297.

HU Wenbo, MIAO Xiaofei, TAO Haojie, et al. Manipulating nonradiative decay channel by intermolecular charge transfer for exceptionally improved photothermal conversion[J].ACS Nano, 2019, 13(10)：12006-12014.

SHI Yu, WANG Yuzhu, MENG Nan, et al. Photothermal conversion porous organic polymers：design, synthesis, and applications[J].Small Methods, 2024, 8 (10)：2301554.

MENG Dongli, YANG Shaojun, GUO Liang, et al. The enhanced photothermal effect of graphene/conjugated polymer composites：photoinduced energy transfer and applications in photocontrolled switches[J]. Chemical Communications, 2014, 50 (92 )：14345-14348.

SHEN Jianxiang, LIN Xiangsong, LIU Jun, et al. Effects of cross-link density and distribution on static and dynamic properties of chemically cross-linked polymers[J].Macromolecules, 2019, 52(1)：121-134.

ZHAO Fei, ZHOU Xingyi, SHI Ye, et al. Highly efficient solar vapour generation via hierarchically nanostructured gels[J].Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13 (6)：489-495 .

LI Xia, YUE Dongmin, LIU Fei, et al. Acid-doped polyaniline membranes for solar-driven interfacial evaporation[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023 , 40(1)：223-234.

WEI Xian, PENG Yubing, FANG Wangxi, et al. A polyaniline nanofiber array supported ultrathin polyamide membrane for solar-driven volatile organic compound removal[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry：A, 2022, 10(38)：20424-20430.

AN Ning, ZHANG Xin, CHEN Yi, et al. A selffloating photothermal/photocatalytic evaporator for simultaneous high-efficiency evaporation and purification of volatile organic wastewater[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(44)：2500777.

WU Mei, LIN Jing, DU Juan, et al. Self-supporting polyurethane solar evaporator with efficiently implemented thermal management strategy[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 375：133803.

WANG Zhe, YAN Yutao, SHEN Xiaoping, et al. A wood-polypyrrole composite as a photothermal conversion device for solar evaporation enhancement[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry：A, 2019, 7 (36 )：20706-20712.

GENG Le, LI Lele, ZHANG He, et al. Interfacial so lar evaporator synergistic phase change energy storage for all-day steam generation[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry：A, 2022, 10(29)：15485-15496.

GAO Can, LI Yimeng, LAN Lizhen, et al. Bioinspired asymmetric polypyrrole membranes with enhanced photothermal conversion for highly efficient solar evaporation[J].Advanced Science, 2024, 11 (6)：2306833 .

SUN Lei, ZHANG Xiang, YUAN Hao, et al. Engineering of 0D/1 D architectures in 3D networks over CDs/PPy-CPP biomass foam with high efficiency on seawater evaporation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 477：147279.

HUANG Dan, ZHANG Jie, WU Gang, et al. A solar evaporator based on hollow polydopamine nanotubes with all-in-one synergic design for highly-efficient water purification[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry：A, 2021, 9(28)：15776-15786.

CHONG Wenmei, MENG Ruru, LIU Zixiao, et al. Superhydrophilic polydopamine-modified carbon-fiber membrane with rapid seawater-transferring ability for constructing efficient hanging-model evaporator[J]. Advanced Fiber Materials, 2023, 5(3)：1063-1075.

JIANG Dexing, DAI Yaohui, JIANG Yuwei, et al. Polydopamine/Fe 3 O 4 modified wood-based evaporator for efficient and continuous water purification[J ] . Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 652 (Part B)：1271-1281.

ZHAO Qi, LIU Juyang, WU Zhixin, et al. Robust PEDOT：PSS-based hydrogel for highly efficient interfacial solar water purification[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 442(Part 1)：136284.

ZHAO Qi, WU Zhixin, XU Xinye, et al. Design of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)：polystyrene sulfonate-polyacrylamide dual network hydrogel for longterm stable, highly efficient solar steam generation[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 300：121889.

CAI Wenfang, ZHAO Shifeng, ZHANG Kai, et al. Synergy of light trapping and water management in interconnected porousPEDOT：PSShydrogels for efficient solar-driven water purification[J].Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research, 2023, 62(26)：1017510183.

LAO Yongjie, WANG Yusheng, ZHANG Qiao, et al. Silver nanoparticles@polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol sponges with enhanced photothermal interfacial evaporation[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 374：133728.

ZHANG Bin, WU Wanze, YIN Guanchao, et al. A multifunctional synergistic solar-driven interfacial evaporator for desalination and photocatalytic degradation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2025, 17 (4)：6948-6956.

WANG Mengyao, HU Jinging, LI Mengqi, et al. Bioinspired design of photothermal anti-fouling fabrics for solar-driven sustainable seawater desalination[J]. Nano Energy, 2025, 136：110726.

WANG Xuan, SUN Lei, SHEN Yu, et al. Self-rotating wood-based floating solar-driven interfacial evaporator for continuous and high-efficiency desalination[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 509：161363.

LI Jiakai, CHEN Zhen, DU Huiying, et al. 3D-printed flower-inspired evaporator for simultaneous solar seawater desalination and hydrogen production[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515：163629.

CHENG Zhaohe, XU Yuanlu, CHEN Tiantian, et al. A Fenton-integrated siphon evaporator for efficient removal of volatile fecal odors during interfacial steam generation[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13(3)：117104.

LIU Xiahui, ZHANG Yuliang, LIU Tao, et al. Photothermal coupling of low-grade waste heat to achieve high efficiency fresh water production via sponge-based evaporator[J].Desalination, 2025, 612：118988.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Numerical Simulation of the Spectral Modulation Process by Chromium-Based Metamaterial Solar Absorber-Emitter Pairs

Research Progress on Conjugated Polymer-Based Photothermal Materials in Solar Interface Evaporation Technology

Integrated and Joint Design Optimization of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller and Casing Treatment at Multiple Working Points

A Fast Calculation Method for Thermal Flow Fields in Transformer Windings Based on PI-DeepONet

Effects of Expansion Angle Crater Film Hole on the Film Cooling Characteristics of a Double-Wall Structure

Related Author

HAO Jiacheng

WU Xiaohu

ZHANG Dan

CHEN Yuhang

GUO Jipu

WEI Xiaolong

WANG Kai

WANG Meiyan

Related Institution

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology

State Grid (Xi'an) Environmental Protection Technology Center Co., Ltd

Lintong District Power Supply Branch of State Grid Xi'an Power Supply Company

Xianyang District Power Supply Branch of State Grid Xi'an Power Supply Company

⁰