Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO<sub>2</sub> Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles

LEI Shurong; ZHAO Ziliang; CUI Zhen; XIN Song

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603004

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Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO₂ Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles

Special Topic Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles | 更新时间：2026-03-09

- Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO₂ Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 3, Pages: 30-41(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  山东科技大学交通学院，266590，山东青岛
  山东省氢电复合动力系统控制与安全重点实验室，266590，山东青岛
  合智数创（山东）科技开发有限公司，276801，山东日照
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603004
  CLC： TB69
- Received：08 July 2025，
  
  Published：10 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LEI Shurong, ZHAO Ziliang, CUI Zhen, et al. Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO₂ Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 30-41. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202603004.
DOI：

LEI Shurong, ZHAO Ziliang, CUI Zhen, et al. Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO₂ Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 30-41. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202603004. DOI：

摘要

为解决电动汽车前机舱内换热器对气冷器产生的局部热遮挡效应所引发的跨临界CO

空调系统性能衰减与充注量失配问题，基于构建的跨临界CO

循环系统模型，通过数值模拟对比分析了不同热遮挡条件下系统的性能变化，揭示了局部热遮挡对制冷剂最佳充注量的影响机理与定量规律。结果表明：热遮挡效应通过减小气冷器局部换热温差降低系统性能，需增加充注量以提升制冷剂流量，从而补偿其携热能力；遮挡位置直接影响气冷器温差减弱的区域分布，是决定最佳充注量的关键因素（顶部遮挡对系统性能的影响最小，最佳充注量接近无遮挡工况；中部遮挡、左部遮挡、右部遮挡对系统性能的影响类似，最佳充注量相较于无遮挡工况需增加10%；底部遮挡造成的影响最为严重，最佳充注量相较于无遮挡工况需增加20%）；通过优化局部热遮挡条件下的制冷剂充注量，可有效缓解热遮挡造成的循环性能衰减，对于底部遮挡而言，制冷剂充注量优化后制冷量和能效比分别提升17.2%和13.7%。

Abstract

To address the performance degradation and refrigerant charge mismatch in transcritical CO

air conditioning systems caused by the local thermal shielding effect generated by the heat exchanger in the front compartment of electric vehicles on the gas cooler

the performance variations of the system under different thermal shielding conditions are compared and analyzed through numerical simulation based on the established transcritical CO

cycle system model.The influence mechanism and quantitative relationship of local thermal shielding on the optimal refrigerant charge are revealed.The results show that the thermal shielding effect reduces system performance by decreasing the local heat transfer temperature difference of the gas cooler.To compensate for the reduced heat-carrying capacity

the refrigerant charge needs to be increased to enhance the refrigerant flow rate.The shielding position directly influences the regional distribution of the weakened temperature difference in the gas coo

ler and is a key factor determining the optimal refrigerant charge (the top shielding has the least impact on system performance

with the optimal charge close to that under non-shielding conditions；the middle

left

and right shielding have similar impacts on system performance

requiring a 10% increase in the optimal charge compared to non-shielding conditions；the bottom shielding has the most severe impact

requiring a 20% increase in the optimal charge compared to non-shielding conditions).By optimizing the refrigerant charge under local thermal shielding conditions

the performance degradation of the cycle caused by thermal shielding can be effectively alleviated.For the bottom shielding

optimizing the refrigerant charge increases the cooling capacity and energy efficiency ratio by 17.2% and 13.7%

respectively.

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references

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Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO2 Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603004

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Impact of Local Thermal Shielding on the Optimal Refrigerant Charge in a Transcritical CO₂ Air Conditioning System for Electric Vehicles