Study on Non-Uniform Thermal Environment and Human Comfort in Automotive Cabins During Winter

YANG Yuxin; YU Juan; JIN Yanwei; LIN Borong; SHI Shaohang

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202603001

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Study on Non-Uniform Thermal Environment and Human Comfort in Automotive Cabins During Winter

Special Topic Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles | 更新时间：2026-03-09

- Study on Non-Uniform Thermal Environment and Human Comfort in Automotive Cabins During Winter
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 3, Pages: 1-8(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学建筑学院，100084，北京
  清华大学生态规划与绿色建筑教育部重点实验室，100084，北京
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202603001
  CLC： R852.12;TB611
- Received：25 July 2025，
  
  Published：10 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
YANG Yuxin, YU Juan, JIN Yanwei, et al. Study on Non-Uniform Thermal Environment and Human Comfort in Automotive Cabins During Winter[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 1-8.
DOI：

YANG Yuxin, YU Juan, JIN Yanwei, et al. Study on Non-Uniform Thermal Environment and Human Comfort in Automotive Cabins During Winter[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(3): 1-8. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202603001.

摘要

针对汽车座舱环境瞬态、不均匀、强辐射等特性引发的热响应机制不明确的问题，采取现场实验研究方法，基于冬季早晚通勤期间实车驾驶实验，探究冬季汽车空调系统工作时舱内环境时空异质性及人体动态热反应规律。结果表明：首先，冬季空调供暖期间垂直方向存在显著“头热脚冷”分层，平均温差达（7.20±1.16）℃，水平方向脚部区域温差最大，为（5.15±1.36）℃，前后舱平均温差为（2.12±0.54）℃。其次，座舱热环境呈现显著动态变化，前3 min平均升温速率高达1.8℃/min，20 min后趋于稳定（变化率小于0.3℃/min）；“环境-主观反馈解耦”现象明显，人体心理感知响应更快，约6 min即趋于稳定；光环境虽存在昼夜差异（0～3 837 lx），但人体能适应较大照度范围的光。最终，确定了典型冬季着装服装热阻为1.45 clo（1 clo=0.155 m

·K/W）下冬季座舱环境的热中性温度（空气温度

=19.3℃，操作温度

=16.8℃，等效空间温度

=16.5℃），该值显著低于ISO标准推荐值。研究成果为提升座舱舒适性及优化空调控制策略提供理论支撑，助力汽车行业低碳化、人因化绿色发展。

Abstract

To address the unclear thermal response mechanisms caused by the transient

nonuniform

and radiation-dominated characteristics of automobile cabin environments

this study adopts a field experimental approach.Based on real-world driving experiments during morning and evening commutes in winter

this study investigates the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cabin environments and the patterns of dynamic human thermal responses under heating by automotive air conditioning systems.The results show that：First

significant vertical thermal stratification with a “head-warm-foot-cold”pattern occurs during winter heating

with an average vertical temperature difference of (7.20±1.16)℃.The maximum horizontal temperature difference in the foot region reaches (5.15±1.36)℃

while the average temperature difference betwe

en front and rear cabins is (2.12±0.54)℃.Second

the cabin thermal environment exhibits pronounced dynamic changes：the average heating rate in the first 3 min is as high as 1.8℃/min

stabilizing after 20 min (variation rate less than 0.3 ℃/min).A notable “environment-subjective feedback decoupling”is observed

with human thermal sensation responding more rapidly and stabilizing in about 6 min.Although the luminous environment shows diurnal differences (0—3 837 lx)

humans can adapt to a wide range of illuminance levels.Finally

for typical winter clothing of 1.45 clo (1 clo = 0.155 m

·K/W)

the thermal neutral temperatures for the winter cabin environment are determined (air temperature

= 19.3 ℃；operative temperature

= 16.8 ℃；equivalent spatial temperature

= 16.5 ℃).These values are significantly lower than those recommended by the ISO standard.The findings provide theoretical support for improving cabin comfort and optimizing air conditioning control strategies

contributing to the low-carbon

human-centric green development of the automotive industry.

关键词

Keywords

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