Research Progress on Enhanced Anaerobic Sludge Fermentation via Metal Cation Removal

PANG Heliang; ZHANG Peixiang; WANG Yan; LI Xinyi; CHEN Xiyi; LIU Beibei; PAN Yue; LI Wenkai; LU Jinsuo

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202602010

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Research Progress on Enhanced Anaerobic Sludge Fermentation via Metal Cation Removal

Special Topic Pollution Control and Resource Utilization in the "Dual Carbon" Context | 更新时间：2026-02-09

- Research Progress on Enhanced Anaerobic Sludge Fermentation via Metal Cation Removal
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 2, Pages: 103-112(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，710055，西安
  哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室，150090，哈尔滨
  陕西建工第十二建设集团有限公司，725000，陕西安康
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202602010
  CLC： X703
- Received：30 May 2025，
  
  Published：10 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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PANG Heliang, ZHANG Peixiang, WANG Yan, et al. Research Progress on Enhanced Anaerobic Sludge Fermentation via Metal Cation Removal[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(2): 103-112.
DOI：

PANG Heliang, ZHANG Peixiang, WANG Yan, et al. Research Progress on Enhanced Anaerobic Sludge Fermentation via Metal Cation Removal[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(2): 103-112. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202602010.

摘要

在“双碳”目标战略引领下，厌氧发酵作为剩余污泥处理的主流技术，仍面临水解效率低、代谢不充分和菌群协调性差等瓶颈。金属阳离子是污泥的重要组成部分，对其进行高效去除有望成为突破上述瓶颈、实现产酸增效的关键。首先，从污泥资源化角度综述了厌氧发酵工艺及短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）回收的研究现状，指出现有方案多依赖高剂量化学品或能源投入以突破单一限制，缺乏系统性增效策略。其次，从污泥结构刚性、代谢活性不足和SCFAs消耗3个方面，系统总结了厌氧发酵产酸的技术瓶颈，指出金属阳离子去除可同时克服多重限制。然后，重点剖析了金属阳离子对发酵效率的抑制机制，详细阐明了不同价态金属阳离子的赋存状态、维持胞外聚合物（EPS）结构稳定性、阻碍电子穿梭体释放及其介导生物转化的作用路径。接着，综述了金属阳离子去除驱动增效的三重调控机制研究进展，指出基于阳离子交换树脂（CER）的选择性吸附与焦磷酸钠（SP）的螯合作用能够显著提升系统产酸效率，同时评估了该技术的工程应用潜力与经济性。最后，总结了当前金属阳离子去除面临的脱除效率低、螯合剂残留和微量元素缺失等局限性，并探讨对应的解决策略。该研究可为污泥厌氧发酵增效和SCFAs回收工程应用提供理论参考。

Abstract

Under the strategic guidance of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality ” goals，anaerobic fermentation，as a mainstream technology for excess sludge treatment，still faces bottlenecks such as low hydrolysis efficiency，incomplete metabolism，and poor microbial community coordination.Metal cations are important structural components of sludge，and their efficient removal is expected to be a key approach to overcoming these bottlenecks and enhancing acid production.First，from the perspective of sludge resource utilization，the current status of anaerobic fermentation processes and short-chain fatty acid（SCFA）recovery is reviewed，pointing out that existing solutions mostly rely on high doses of chemicals or energy inputs to overcome single limitations，and lack systematic enhancement strategies. Second，technical bottlenecks in anaerobic fermentation for acid production are systematically summarized from three aspects：sludge structural rigidity，insufficient metabolic activity，and SCFA consumption，indicating that metal cation removal can simultaneously overcome multiple limitations.Then，the inhibitory mechanisms of metal cations on fermentation efficiency are analyzed in detail，clarifying the occurrence states of metal cations with different valences，their role in maintaining the structural stability of extracellular polymeric substances（EPS），hindering the release of electron shuttles，and mediating biotransformation pathways.Subsequently，research progress on the triple regulatory mechanisms for efficiency enhancement driven by metal cation removal is reviewed，highlighting that selective adsorption by cation exchange resins（CER）and chelation by sodium pyrophosphate（SP）can significantly improve system acid production efficiency，while the engineering application potential and economic feasibility of the technology are evaluated. Finally，current limitations in metal cation removal—such as low removal efficiency，chelating agent residues，and trace element deficiencies—are summarized，and corresponding solutions are discussed.This study provides a theoretical reference for enhancing anaerobic sludge fermentation and promoting the engineering application of SCFA recovery.

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references

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