Research on AC Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries over the Full Life Cycle

ZHENG Dongbin; LI Kuining; SANG Yanjie; XIE Yi; CUI Naxin

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202602002

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Research on AC Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries over the Full Life Cycle

Special Topic Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles | 更新时间：2026-02-09

- Research on AC Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries over the Full Life Cycle
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 2, Pages: 11-23(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，400044，重庆
  重庆大学能源与动力工程学院，400044，重庆
  重庆大学机械与运载工程学院，400044，重庆
  山东大学控制科学与工程学院，250061，济南
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202602002
  CLC： TM912
- Received：15 July 2025，
  
  Published：10 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHENG Dongbin, LI Kuining, SANG Yanjie, et al. Research on AC Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries over the Full Life Cycle[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(2): 11-23.
DOI：

ZHENG Dongbin, LI Kuining, SANG Yanjie, et al. Research on AC Heating Strategy for Electric Vehicle Traction Batteries over the Full Life Cycle[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(2): 11-23. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202602002.

摘要

针对电动汽车动力电池全寿命周期的低温安全问题，提出一种基于电热老化耦合模型的锂离子电池交流加热最佳策略。高精度电热老化耦合模型融合了二阶电阻-常相位元件等效电路模型、热特性模型和参数老化动态交互模型，并综合考虑了电池的电学动态特性、热行为及随老化过程变化的参数。通过引入避免电池析锂反应发生的析锂约束，并设置防止电池两端电压过高或过低的过压约束，形成双安全约束。在此基础上，计算出全寿命周期电池在不同温度区间对应的最优交流电频率和幅值，制定了内部产热率最大的最优交流加热策略。研究结果表明：全寿命周期电池的仿真与实验温度最大误差为0.29℃、电压最大误差为0.057 V；电池健康状态（SOH）分别为95.03%、89.97%、84.54%、80.14%的电池平均温升速率分别为2.70、2.45、2.36、1.90℃/min；电池电压与温度的最大均方根误差分别为30.4 mV和0.31℃。电池经过500次循环加热后，电池SOH降低了2.2%。反映电池老化程度的容量增量（IC）曲线中IC峰值变化很小，循环加热前后电池IC曲线基本重合，从而验证了加热策略在电池全寿命周期的安全性、适用性及模型的有效性。该研究可为新能源汽车动力电池的低温加热技术提供技术支撑。

Abstract

To address the low-temperature safety concerns of electric vehicle traction batteries throughout their full life cycle，an optimal alternating current（AC）heating strategy for lithium-ion batteries is proposed based on an electro-thermal-aging coupled model.The high-precision coupled model integrates a second-order resistor-constant phase element equivalent circuit model with constant phase element，a thermal characteristics model，and a dynamic parameter-aging interaction model，comprehensively accounting for the battery's electrical dynamics，thermal behavior，and aging-dependent parameter variations.By introducing a lithium plating constraint to avoid lithium deposition reactions and setting an overvoltage constraint to prevent excessively high or low terminal voltages，a dual safety constraint framework is established.On this basis，the optimal AC frequency and amplitude corresponding to different temperature intervals over the full life cycle are calculated，and an optimal AC heating strategy aimed at maximizing the internal heating rate is formulated.The results show that the maximum temperature error between simulation and experiment is 0.29℃，and the maximum voltage error is 0.057 V over the full life cycle.The average heating rates for batteries with state of health（SOH）values of 95.03%，89.97%，84.54%，and 80.14% are 2.70，2.45，2.36，and 1.90℃/min，respectively.The maximum root mean square errors for voltage and temperature are 30.4 mV and 0.31℃.After 500 heating cycles，the battery SOH decreases by 2.2%.The incremental capacity（IC）curves，reflecting the degree of battery aging，show minimal change in peak values，with the curves before and after cyclic heating being essentially identical，thus verifying the safety and applicability of the heating strategy over the full battery life cycle as well as the validity of the model.This study provides technical support for low-temperature heating technologies of power batteries in new energy vehicles.

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references

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