Visualization Experimental Study on the Influence of Orifice Diameter on Methanol Flow and Transient Spray Characteristics in High-Pressure Injection Nozzles

ZHANG Ying; LI Hongmei; HAN Dan; YANG Yizhou; GUO Genmiao; HE Zhixia

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202601016

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Visualization Experimental Study on the Influence of Orifice Diameter on Methanol Flow and Transient Spray Characteristics in High-Pressure Injection Nozzles

Special Topic Pollution Control and Resource Utilization in the “Dual Carbon”Context | 更新时间：2026-01-15

- Visualization Experimental Study on the Influence of Orifice Diameter on Methanol Flow and Transient Spray Characteristics in High-Pressure Injection Nozzles
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 1, Pages: 162-170(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  江苏大学能源研究院，212013，江苏镇江
  上海交通大学动力机械及工程教育部重点实验室，200240，上海
  中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所，201108，上海
  中国船舶集团有限公司先进船舶发动机技术全国重点实验室，201108，上海
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202601016
  CLC： TK421
- Received：24 March 2025，
  
  Published：10 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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ZHANG Ying, LI Hongmei, HAN Dan, et al. Visualization Experimental Study on the Influence of Orifice Diameter on Methanol Flow and Transient Spray Characteristics in High-Pressure Injection Nozzles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 162-170.
DOI：

ZHANG Ying, LI Hongmei, HAN Dan, et al. Visualization Experimental Study on the Influence of Orifice Diameter on Methanol Flow and Transient Spray Characteristics in High-Pressure Injection Nozzles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 162-170. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202601016.

摘要

为研究甲醇燃料在内燃机喷油器喷嘴内部的流动特性及近场喷雾演变规律，解决甲醇燃料与透明喷嘴材料间的光折射率匹配难题，自主搭建高压燃油喷射及雾化可视化试验系统，并开发了背光均光成像技术。基于该平台，探究了喷孔直径为0.20、0.30、0.40 mm，喷射压力为50 MPa和背压为0.1 MPa时甲醇燃料的瞬态流动特征与喷雾宏观特性。研究结果表明：针阀开启过程中，喷孔内几何空化快速初生并演化为超空化流态，同时伴随喷嘴压力室内持续发展的线空化现象及空泡团簇汇聚运动。喷嘴锥角的变化滞后于针阀运动，且喷孔直径与线空化强度呈非线性关系，当孔径处于0.30 mm时，喷孔入口与针阀、压力室构成的流道可导致空化强度达到峰值，喷雾锥角峰值达32.01°。同时，小孔径喷嘴（0.20 mm）在出口区域产生更强的剪切效应，这种流体扰动加速了甲醇尾喷阶段细长液丝的断裂过程，尾喷持续时间较0.30 mm孔径喷嘴短60 μs。该研究揭示了甲醇在喷嘴内的空化演化机制及近场喷雾特性，可为甲醇喷油器的结构优化与喷雾控制提供试验依据。

Abstract

To investigate the flow characteristics of methanol fuel inside the nozzle of an internal combustion engine fuel inj ector and the evolution of near-field spray and address the challenge of refractive index matching between methanol fuel and transparent nozzle materials，this study independently builds a high-pressure fuel injection and atomization visualization experimental system and develops backlight uniform illumination imaging technology.Based on this platform，the transient flow characteristics and macroscopic spray properties of methanol fuel are investigated under injection pressures of 50 MPa and back pressures of 0.1 MPa for orifice diameters of 0.20 mm，0.30 mm，and 0.40 mm.The results indicate that during the needle valve opening process，geometric cavitation rapidly initiates within the orifice and evolves into a supercavitation flow regime，accompanied by continuously developing line cavitation in the nozzle pressure chamber and the coalescent motion of cavitation clusters.The change in nozzle cone angle lags behind the needle valve movement，and the relationship between orifice diameter and line cavitation intensity is nonlinear.When the orifice diameter is 0.30 mm，the flow passage formed by the orifice inlet，needle valve，and pressure chamber induces peak cavitation intensity，with the maximum spray cone angle reaching 32.01°.Simultaneously，the small orifice nozzle (0.20 mm)generates stronger shear effects in the exit region，and this fluid disturbance accelerates the breakup process of slender liquid ligaments during the tail injection phase of methanol，resulting in a tail injection duration 60μs shorter than that of the 0.30 mm orifice nozzle.This study reveals the cavitation evolution mechanism and near-field spray characteristics of methanol inside the nozzle，providing an experimental basis for the structural optimization and spray control of methanol fuel injectors.

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