Experimental Study on Trace Water Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance on Cryogenic Surfaces

YANG Shuo; WANG Zhen; GAO Yingke; HOU Yu; LAI Tianwei

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202601012

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Experimental Study on Trace Water Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance on Cryogenic Surfaces

Special Topic Pollution Control and Resource Utilization in the “Dual Carbon”Context | 更新时间：2026-01-15

- Experimental Study on Trace Water Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance on Cryogenic Surfaces
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 1, Pages: 117-126(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  西安交通大学深低温技术与装备教育部重点实验室，710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202601012
  CLC： TK124
- Received：10 April 2025，
  
  Published：10 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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YANG Shuo, WANG Zhen, GAO Yingke, et al. Experimental Study on Trace Water Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance on Cryogenic Surfaces[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 117-126.
DOI：

YANG Shuo, WANG Zhen, GAO Yingke, et al. Experimental Study on Trace Water Frosting and Heat Transfer Performance on Cryogenic Surfaces[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 117-126. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202601012.

摘要

为了研究痕量水结霜对低温冷表面换热性能的影响，搭建了可视化受限低温表面结霜换热实验台，采用低温液氮将冷表面维持在液氮温区，开展了水汽含量（水蒸气体积分数）小于1000×10

-6

的冷表面结霜实验，通过二值法图像处理技术，获得了霜层厚度沿湿空气流动方向的分布特征，系统探究了霜层厚度、结霜量、密度和热流量随时间的变化规律，以及湿空气流速、温度、湿度对低温痕量水结霜生长速率和换热效率的影响。实验结果表明：霜层厚度沿湿空气流动方向逐渐降低，湿空气入口0 m位置与0.1 m位置处霜层厚度差距较大、0.1 m位置与后续位置霜层厚度差距较小；较高的湿空气流速、湿度以及较低的湿空气温度对应较大的霜层厚度、结霜量和密度。总换热量中显热热流量占90%以上；水汽含量主要影响潜热热流量，对总换热量影响较小；显热换热量和总换热量与湿空气的流速及温度正相关。通过实验数据拟合得到了液氮温区冷表面霜层密度无量纲关联式，整体误差在±20%以内。该研究对液氮温区低温换热器结霜和换热性能分析具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract

To investigate the effect of trace water frosting on heat transfer over cryogenic surfaces，an experimental platform for visualized frosting and heat transfer on a confined cryogenic surface was developed.Cryogenic liquid nitrogen was used to keep the cold surface within the temperature range of the liquid nitrogen，and on the low-temperature surface where the water vapor content by volume was less than 1000×10

-6

，a frosting experiment was carried out.Thereafter，a binary image processing method was employed to extract the growth characteristics of the frost layer thickness along the direction of moist air flow for investigation into the temporal evolution of frost layer thickness，frost mass，frost density，and heat flux，as well as the influence of moist air velocity，temperature，and humidity on frost growth and heat transfer.The results show that the frost layer thick

ness decreases gradually along the direction of airflow；at the 0 m and 0.1 m positions，the frost layer thickness is significantly different，while relatively small variation in the frost layer thickness is observed from the 0.1 m position onward；relatively high air velocity and humidity，plus low air temperature，correspond to increased frost layer thickness，frost mass，and frost density.In the total heat transfer，sensible heat flux accounts for over 90%.The water vapor content has a primary effect on the latent heat flux but little influence on the total heat transfer.Both sensible and total heat fluxes are positively correlated with the velocity and temperature of the moist air.Furthermore，a dimensionless correlation for frost density on the cryogenic surface within the temperature range of liquid nitrogen was developed based on experimental data，and the overall fitting error was within±20%.This study is intended to provide valuable insights for analyzing the frosting and heat transfer performance of cryogenic heat exchangers operating in the temperature regime of liquid nitrogen.

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