Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO<sub>2</sub>Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles

FANG Jianmin; ZHANG Yichen; YIN Xiang; CHEN En; CAO Feng

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202601002

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Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO₂Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles

Special Topic Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles | 更新时间：2026-01-15

- Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO₂Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 60, Issue 1, Pages: 14-21(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，710049，西安
  合肥通用机械研究院有限公司，230031，合肥
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202601002
  CLC： TB615
- Received：23 May 2025，
  
  Published：10 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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FANG Jianmin, ZHANG Yichen, YIN Xiang, et al. Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO₂Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 14-21. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202601002.
DOI：

FANG Jianmin, ZHANG Yichen, YIN Xiang, et al. Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO₂Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2026, 60(1): 14-21. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202601002. DOI：

摘要

为了研究电动车跨临界CO

热系统在常规高精度经验公式预测方法下的排气压力问题，阐明多解耦合诱发控制失效的作用机制，基于电动车跨临界CO

热系统，理论对比分析了变工况下的电动车跨临界CO

热系统控制失效现象。通过深入分析常规最优压力控制方式的变量相关性及系统动态控制的多解收敛特征，从本质上揭示了电动车动态运行过程的CO

热系统控制失效发生机制，并基于此提出了抑制电动车CO

热系统变工况动态失效的控制方法。结果表明：原初始边界影响CO

动态控制收敛性，失效模式下系统能效比下降近30%；超临界CO

物性决定的气体冷却器出口和节流阀前温度耦合特性可能是产生热力学多解和动态失效的直接原因；所提出的控制方法可以使动态运行在多解中有效收敛至所需工况。研究可为车用跨临界CO

空调的压力控制问题提供理论参考。

Abstract

To investigate the discharge pressure issue in transcritical CO

thermal systems for electric vehicles under conventional high-precision empirical formula prediction methods and clarify the mechanism of multi-solution coupling induced control failure，the control failure in such transcritical CO

thermal systems under variable operating conditions is compared and analyzed.By deeply examining the variable correlations in conventional optimal pressure control methods and the multi-solution convergence characteristics of dynamic system control，the mechanism underlying control failure in CO

thermal systems during dynamic operation of electric vehicles is fundamentally revealed. Based on this，a control method to suppress dynamic failure under variable conditions in electric vehicle CO

thermal systems is proposed.The results indicate that the initial boundary conditions affect the convergence of CO

dynamic control. Under failure modes，the system's energy efficiency ratio decreases by nearly 30%.The coupling characteristics between the gas cooler outlet and t

he expansion valve inlet temperatures，determined by the thermophysical properties of supercritical CO

，may be the direct cause of thermodynamic multi-solutions and dynamic failure. The proposed control method enables effective convergence to the desired operating condition among multiple solutions during dynamic operation.It provides theoretical insights into pressure control issues in automotive transcritical CO

air conditioning systems.

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references

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Related Author

FANG Jianmin

ZHANG Yichen

YIN Xiang

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Related Institution

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University

⁰

Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO2Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202601002

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Mechanism of Multi-Solution Coupling Induced Control Failure in Transcritical CO₂Thermal Systems for Electric Vehicles