Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Storage State and Release Characteristics of Fire Extinguishing Systems

HE Jiaming; CAI Liuxi; LI Yun; REN Hengying; ZHANG Pei; MI Xiaoliang; WANG Xuehui

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202512021

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Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Storage State and Release Characteristics of Fire Extinguishing Systems

更新时间：2025-12-08

- Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Storage State and Release Characteristics of Fire Extinguishing Systems
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 12, Pages: 237-248(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202512021
  CLC： V244.12;TP391.9
- Received：26 March 2025，
  
  Published：10 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
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HE Jiaming, CAI Liuxi, LI Yun, et al. Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Storage State and Release Characteristics of Fire Extinguishing Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 237-248.
DOI：

HE Jiaming, CAI Liuxi, LI Yun, et al. Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Storage State and Release Characteristics of Fire Extinguishing Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 237-248. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202512021.

摘要

针对气体灭火系统释放特性受环境温度影响机制不明的问题，采用二元气液相平衡模型计算灭火剂在不同温度下的气液分布，并结合三维数值模拟方法分析其在不同温度下释放的流动特性。首先，以某机载发动机舱灭火系统为研究对象，该系统采用高压氮气对Halon 1301灭火剂加压储存，瓶内呈气液两相共存状态，建立了考虑Halon 1301气化与氮气溶解的气液相平衡模型；然后，结合发动机舱环境温度变化，对-60℃至20℃条件下Halon 1301灭火剂的储存状态与释放特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：灭火系统在不同环境温度下释放均经历灭火剂填充管路、灭火剂释放和残余气体释放3个阶段；当环境温度由20℃降至-60℃时，灭火瓶内压力显著降低，液相体积略有减小，气相中Halon 1301摩尔分数由0.4855降至0.0673，而液相中Halon 1301摩尔分数始终维持在0.9以上；低温条件下瓶内驱动力减弱，灭火剂气化速率降低，导致其在管路内的停留时间延长，整体释放过程更为平缓；与20℃相比，在-60℃时灭火剂最大流量降低了31.33%，释放80%灭火剂所需时间延长了48.89%，总释放时间增加了71.15%。该研究揭示了低温环境对气体灭火系统储存与释放的不利影响，为气体灭火系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。

Abstract

To explore the mechanism by which the ambient temperature affects the release characteristics of a gas fire suppression system

a binary gas-liquid equilibrium model is developed to predict the phase distribution of the extinguishing agent at different temperatures

and threedimensional numerical simulations are employed to analyze the flow characteristics of the agent discharge under varying thermal conditions.For the purpose of this study

a representative aircraft engine nacelle fire suppression system was used；the system was filled with nitrogenpressurized Halon 1301 to realize gas-liquid coexistence within the storage cylinder；an equilibrium model with both the vaporization of Halon 1301 extinguishing agent and the dissolution of nitrogen taken into account was established；simulations were conducted over a temperature range of -60℃ to 20℃ to evaluate the storage state and release characteristics of the system.According to the simulation results

the discharge process

regardless of the ambient temperature

comprises three distinct stages：agent filling of the pipeline

agent release

and residual gas release.When the ambient temperature decreased from 20℃ to -60℃

the internal cylinder pressure decreased significantly

the liquid-phase volume exhibited a slight reduction

and the molar fraction of Halon 1301 in the gas phase declined from 0.4855 to 0.0673

while that in the liquid phase remained consistently above 0.9.Under low-temperature conditions

the diminished internal driving force led to a reduced vaporization rate of the extinguishing agent

an extended residence time within the pipeline

and a slower release process.Compared to the 20℃condition

the maximum flow rate at -60℃ decreased by 31.33%

the time required to release 80% of the agent increased by 48.89%

and the total discharge duration was prolonged by 71.15%.These results suggest that low-temperature environments may have detrimental effects on the storage and discharge performance of gas fire suppression systems

providing a theoretical foundation for optimization of system design to achieve better performance under extreme environmental conditions.

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references

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