Influence of Hydrogen Injection Ratio and Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engines

QIAN Yi; LU Yingying; WANG Meng; PEI Yiqiang

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202512018

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Influence of Hydrogen Injection Ratio and Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engines

更新时间：2025-12-08

- Influence of Hydrogen Injection Ratio and Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engines
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 12, Pages: 203-215(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202512018
  CLC： TK422
- Received：09 June 2025，
  
  Published：10 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
QIAN Yi, LU Yingying, WANG Meng, et al. Influence of Hydrogen Injection Ratio and Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engines[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 203-215.
DOI：

QIAN Yi, LU Yingying, WANG Meng, et al. Influence of Hydrogen Injection Ratio and Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engines[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 203-215. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202512018.

摘要

为深入探究喷氢参数对氢柴油双直喷发动机性能的影响规律，运用数值模拟方法对重型柴油机大负荷工况氢柴油双直喷燃烧模式进行探索，研究了喷氢比例和喷氢定时对缸内燃烧和排放特性的影响。首先，在纯柴油原机上构建喷氢管模型，实现氢柴油双直喷燃烧模式；其次，探究不同喷氢比例对燃烧及排放特性的影响；最后，基于最优喷氢比例，进一步分析喷氢定时对燃烧过程与污染物生成的作用规律。研究结果表明：氢气的引入可显著改变燃烧重心分布，使浓混合气区由燃烧室凹坑上移至缸盖部位；适度增加喷氢比例可显著提前燃烧重心并降低排气损失和活塞传热损失，提升指示热效率；喷氢定时的推迟可提高缸压峰值，提前燃烧重心，避免氢气进入侧隙，降低排气损失，提升指示热效率，但高温条件会加剧NO

的生成。优化后的喷氢方案为喷氢比例20%、喷氢定时为上止点前20°曲轴转角，与纯柴油原机相比，该方案指示热效率提高了1.37%，碳烟比排放降低了41.33%，但NO

比排放增加了12.86%。研究明确了喷氢比例和定时对氢柴油双直喷发动机的影响，为氢柴油双直喷发动机的发展提供了理论依据和数据支撑。

Abstract

To delve into how hydrogen injection parameters are related to the performance of hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection engines

numerical simulation methods were employed in this study to investigate the combustion mode of heavy-duty diesel engines under high-load conditions with hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection.To explore the influence of hydrogen injection ratio and injection timing on in-cylinder combustion and emission characteristics

a hydrogen injection pipe model was first constructed for hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection combustion in an original diesel engine；then

how different hydrogen injection ratios affected the combustion and emission characteristics was studied to identify the optimal hydrogen injection ratio；with the optimal hydrogen injection ratio identified

further analysis was performed with respect to the effect of hydrogen injection timing on the combustion process and pollutant formation.The research results show that the introduction of hydrogen can significantly change the distribution of the combustion center

moving the rich mixture zone from the combustion chamber recess to the cylinder head area.A moderate increase in the hydrogen injection ratio can notably advance the combustion center C

A50

reduce exhaust loss and piston heat transfer loss

and improve the indicated thermal efficiency.Delay in the hydrogen injection timing can increase the peak cylinder pressure

advance the combustion center

prevent hydrogen from entering the side clearance

reduce exhaust loss

and improve the indicated thermal efficiency

but the high-temperature conditions may intensify NO

formation.The optimized hydrogen injection proposal

with a hydrogen injection ratio of 20% and hydrogen injection timing at 20°crank angle before the top dead center

achieved a 1.37% improvement of thermal efficiency and 41.33% reduction of soot

but also resulted in a 12.86% increase in NO

emissions.This study has clarified the effects of the hydrogen injection ratio and timing on hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection engines.It is intended to provide theoretical basis and data support for the development of hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection engines.

关键词

Keywords

references

丁颖 , 韩东 , 黄震 . 氨燃料汽车发动机燃烧技术研究进展 [J ] . 汽车工程学报 , 2023 , 13 ( 4 ): 437 - 443 .

DING Ying , HAN Dong , HUANG Zhen . Research progress on combustion technology for ammonia-fueled automotive engines [J ] . Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering , 2023 , 13 ( 4 ): 437 - 443 .

黄震 , 谢晓敏 , 张庭婷 . “双碳”背景下我国中长期能源需求预测与转型路径研究 [J ] . 中国工程科学 , 2022 , 24 ( 6 ): 8 - 18 .

HUANG Zhen , XIE Xiaomin , ZHANG Tingting . Medium-and long-term energy demand of China and energy transition pathway toward carbon neutrality [J ] . Strategic Study of CAE , 2022 , 24 ( 6 ): 8 - 18 .

MUSY F , ORTIZ R , ORTIZ I , et al . Hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines:direct injection versus port-fuel Injection [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2025 , 137 : 925 - 938 .

CASTRO N , TOLEDO M , AMADOR G . An experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel compression ignition internal combustion engine [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2019 , 156 : 660 - 667 .

ROY M M , TOMITA E , KAWAHARA N , et al . An experimental investigation on engine performance and emissions of a supercharged H 2 -diesel dual-fuel engine [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2010 , 35 ( 2 ): 844 - 853 .

GÜLTEKIN N , CINIVIZ M . Examination of the effect of combustion chamber geometry and mixing ratio on engine performance and emissions in a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel compression-ignition engine [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2023 , 48 ( 7 ): 2801 - 2820 .

TIAN Erlin , LV Guoning , LI Zuhe . Evaluation of emission of the hydrogen-enriched diesel engine through machine learning [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 307 : 132303 .

CERNAT A , PANA C , NEGURESCU N , et al . Aspects of an experimental study of hydrogen use at automotive diesel engine [J ] . Heliyon , 2023 , 9 ( 3 ): e13889 .

REDDY K J , PRASAD RAO G A , REDDY R M , et al . Artificial intelligence-based forecasting of dual-fuel mode CI engine behaviors powered with the hydrogendiesel blends [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 87 : 1074 - 1086 .

ALI ABUELNOUR M , FARID MUHAMAD SAID M , ABUELNUOR A A A . Numerical investigation of hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine: combustion and emissions characteristics under varying hydrogen concentration and exhaust gas recirculation [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 377 : 132794 .

GÜLTEKIN N , CINIVIZ M . Experimental investigation of the effect of hydrogen ratio on engine performance and emissions in a compression ignition single cylinder engine with electronically controlled hydrogendiesel dual fuel system [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2023 , 48 ( 66 ): 25984 - 25999 .

TREACY M , HADADPOUR A , BAI Xuesong , et al . Performance and emissions of a novel high-pressure di rect injection hydrogen dual-fuel engine [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 376 : 132639 .

RAMSAY C J , DINESH K K J R . Numerical modelling of a heavy-duty diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine with late high pressure hydrogen direct injection and diesel pilot [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 49 ( Part B ): 674 - 696 .

LIU Xinyu , SRNA A , YIP H L , et al . Performance and emissions of hydrogen-diesel dual direct injection (H2DDI)in a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2021 , 46 ( 1 ): 1302 - 1314 .

HUANG Zeyuan , YUAN Shuang , WEI Hong , et al . Effects of hydrogen injection timing and injection pressure on mixture formation and combustion characteristics of a hydrogen direct injection engine [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 363 : 130966 .

HU Zhen , YUAN Shuang , WEI Hong , et al . Highpressure injection or low-pressure injection for a direct injection hydrogen engine? [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2024 , 59 : 383 - 389 .

LI Haoran , JIA Ming , DING Rui , et al . An improved Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT)breakup model with wide fuel applicability based on data-driven techniques [J ] . Energy , 2025 , 334 : 137661 .

TAO Feng , GOLOVITCHEV V I , CHOMIAK J . Self-ignition and early combustion process of n-heptane sprays under diluted air conditions:numerical studies based on detailed chemistry [J ] . SAE Transactions , 2000 , 109 ( 4 ): 2837 - 2854 .

郭建军 . 高密度-低温燃烧重型柴油机燃烧室形状优化研究 [D ] . 天津 : 天津大学 , 2020 .

LU Yingying , QIAN Yi , ZHANG Daochen , et al . Parameters optimization of prechamber jet disturbance combustion system-effect of prechamber volume and fuel injection mass ratios on performance and exhausts in a diesel engine [J ] . Fuel , 2024 , 373 : 132360 .

韩丹 , 王谦 , 何志霞 , 等 . 双燃料直喷发动机喷孔几何位置对燃烧排放的影响 [J ] . 内燃机学报 , 2017 , 35 ( 3 ): 238 - 245 .

HAN Dan , WANG Qian , HE Zhixia , et al . Influence of the position of nozzle holes on combustion and emissions for a direct injection dual fuel engine [J ] . Transactions of CSICE , 2017 , 35 ( 3 ): 238 - 245 .

CHANG Yachao , JIA Ming , LI Yaopeng , et al . Application of the optimized decoupling methodology for the construction of a skeletal primary reference fuel mechanism focusing on engine-relevant conditions [J ] . Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering , 2015 , 1 : 11 .

刘少华 , 刘晓乐 , 申立中 , 等 . EGR对氢气/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧与排放的影响 [J ] . 昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版) , 2025 , 50 （ 1 ): 106 - 115 .

LIU Shaohua , LIU Xiaole , SHEN Lizhong , et al . Effects of EGR on combustion and emissions in hydrogen/diesel dual-fuel engines [J ] . Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology（Natural Science) , 2025 , 50 （ 1 ): 106 - 115 .

鹿盈盈 , 裴毅强 , 刘一泽 , 等 . 转速对柴油机中负荷预混压燃燃烧和排放的影响 [J ] . 内燃机学报 , 2022 , 40 ( 6 ): 495 - 503 .

LU Yingying , PEI Yiqiang , LIU Yize , et al . Effect of speed on PCCI combustion and emissions in a diesel engine at medium load [J ] . Transactions of CSICE , 2022 , 40 ( 6 ): 495 - 503 .

何旭 , 徐一凡 , 王路 , 等 . 柴油温度对燃烧火焰温度和碳烟生成的影响 [J ] . 内燃机学报 , 2021 , 39 ( 2 ): 97 - 105 .

HE Xu , XU Yifan , WANG Lu , et al . Influence of diesel temperature on combustion flame temperature and soot formation characteristics [J ] . Transactions of CSICE , 2021 , 39 ( 2 ): 97 - 105 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Effects of Fuel Injection Timing on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Propane Blends

Study on the Micro-Size Effect in Ignition and Combustion in Micro-Engine

Experimental Study on Influence of Electrode Geometrical Parameters on Ionization Current

Experimental Study on Premixed Combustion of Dimethyl Ether-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures

Numerical Simulation of Combustion Process in a Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends Combined with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Related Author

苗海燕 1

王锡斌 1

李冲霄 1

黄佐华 1

马志豪 1

蒋庄德 1

张长富 1

Related Institution

河南科技大学车辆与动力工程学院

西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Henan Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College

Institute of Precision Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

⁰