Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO<sub>2</sub>-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems

WU Jiepeng; JIANG Yuemao; WANG Shunsen; LI Bo; YAN Xiaojiang; WANG Limin

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202512015

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Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO₂-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems

更新时间：2025-12-08

- Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO₂-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 12, Pages: 172-181(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202512015
  CLC： TK11
- Received：20 June 2025，
  
  Published：10 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
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WU Jiepeng, JIANG Yuemao, WANG Shunsen, et al. Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO₂-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 172-181. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202512015.
DOI：

WU Jiepeng, JIANG Yuemao, WANG Shunsen, et al. Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO₂-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 172-181. DOI: 10.7652/xjtuxb202512015. DOI：

摘要

针对跨临界CO

热泵储能系统中因CO

物性非线性特征引发的热端换热失配问题，基于储热介质分流以改善温度匹配的策略，研究了不同储热配置下的系统热力性能。在正、逆循环双向耦合的约束下，搭建了4种储热配置的系统热力学模型；通过采用智能优化算法对各系统进行了参数优化，探究了热端换热网络改进对系统热力性能的提升，并对优选方案进行了关键参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明：增加储热罐可改善CO

热泵储能系统的热端温度匹配，从而提升往返效率；三、四、五储热罐配置下系统的往返效率分别为49.9%、50.8%、50.9%，相较于两储热罐配置系统，分别提升了1.1%、2.0%、2.1%。综合考虑热力学性能与系统复杂度，推荐采用四储热罐配置，系统存在最佳储热温度、正、逆循环高压压力与热负荷比组合使系统性能最优，最佳储热温度约为160℃，正、逆循环高压压力均约为20 MPa，热负荷比分别约为0.3、0.8。研究揭示了热端换热网络结构与设计参数对跨临界CO

热泵储能系统热力性能的协同影响，可为工程设计与优化提供一定的参考。

Abstract

To address the heat transfer mismatch at the hot end of transcritical CO

pumped thermal energy storage（PTES）systems due to the non-linear thermophysical properties of CO

the thermodynamic performance of systems with different heat storage configurations is investigated in this study based on the storage medium splitting strategy for better temperature matching.For the purpose of the study

four system thermodynamic models with different heat storage configurations were established under the bidirectional integration and coupling constraints of the charging and discharging cycles；intelligent optimization algorithms were applied to optimize the parameters of each system；how improvement of the hot-end heat exchange network would affect the system’s thermodynam

ic performance was analyzed；a key parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the optimal system configuration.The results show that more heat storage tanks correspond to better hot-end temperature matching of the CO

PTES and higher round-trip efficiency：The round-trip efficiency of the system with three heat storage tank（HST）

four-HST and five-HST configurations is 49.9%

50.8%

and 50.9% respectively

up 1.1%

2.0% and 2.1% over that of the two-HST configuration.Considering both thermodynamic performance and system complexity

the four-HST configuration is recommended.There is an optimal combination of heat storage temperature

high pressure for forward/reverse cycles

and heat load ratios to achieve the best system performance：The optimal heat storage temperature is approximately 160℃；the high pressure for both forward and reverse cycles is around 20 MPa；the heat load ratios are around 0.3 and 0.8 respectively.By revealing the synergistic influence of the hot-end heat exchange network structure and design parameters on the CO

PTES system performance

this study is intended to provide a reference for engineering and optimization of these systems.

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Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO2-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems

DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202512015

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Heat Storage Temperature Matching Optimization and Performance Analysis for CO₂-Based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems