Comprehensive Performance Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems

LIU Aijie; ZHAO Pan; ZHANG Jinshuai; ZHOU Ning; MA Ning; HU Yurong; WANG Jiangfeng; MIAO Ling

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202512011

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Comprehensive Performance Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems

更新时间：2025-12-08

- Comprehensive Performance Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems
- Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 12, Pages: 128-138(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202512011
  CLC： TK02
- Received：19 May 2025，
  
  Published：10 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Aijie, ZHAO Pan, ZHANG Jinshuai, et al. Comprehensive Performance Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 128-138.
DOI：

LIU Aijie, ZHAO Pan, ZHANG Jinshuai, et al. Comprehensive Performance Comparison Between Two Different Multi-Level Compressed Carbon Dioxide Energy Storage Systems[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(12): 128-138. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202512011.

摘要

为了扩大储能系统的储能/释能功率范围以适应不同可再生能源消纳容量等级，在多等级运行压缩二氧化碳储能系统基础上，提出了能够多等级运行的两机串联系统和三机串联系统，并进行综合性能对比分析。首先，介绍不同系统在3个储能/释能等级下的运行方式与部件热力学分析模型；其次，探究压缩机和透平的安全运行范围，获得各系统最优中压罐压力；接着，获得不同系统各等级下的储能和释能功率范围；最后，对两个系统各等级下的性能指标进行对比。研究结果表明：对于三机串联系统和两机串联系统，基于部件热力学模型和设计参数，最优中压罐压力分别为4.178、5.088 MPa；两机串联系统的储能功率范围较三机串联系统增加了22.78%，三机串联系统的储能功率间隔较两机串联系统减少了22.80%；相较于三机串联系统，两机串联系统在各等级都具有更高的储能/释能功率范围、充放电效率和能量密度。研究结果对于推动低碳转型和规模化可再生能源的高效利用具有重要现实意义。

Abstract

To expand the charge/discharge power range of energy storage systems to adapt to different levels of renewable energy accommodation capacity

two-series and three-series systems are proposed in this study based on multi-level compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems and a comparative study of their comprehensive performance is conducted.First

the operating mode of the systems under three charge/discharge levels and a model for thermal analysis of the components are introduced.Then

the safe operation ranges of both the turbine and compressor are investigated.Thereafter

the charge and discharge power ranges of the systems at different levels are obtained.Finally

performance indicators of the two systems at each level are compared. According to the results

the optimal pressure of the medium-pressure storage tank is 4.178 MPa for the three-series system and 5.088 MPa for the two-series system

as derived from the models and the design parameters；the charge power range of the two-series system is 22.78% higher than that of the three-series system；the charge power gap of the three-series system is 22.80% lower than that of the two-series system；compared to the three-series system

the two-series system has a higher charge power range

discharge power range

round-trip efficiency

and energy density at all the three levels.Therefore

the two-series system has better system performance.The study demonstrates that the two-series system delivers superior operational performance

with these findings holding significant practical implications for promoting rural low-carbon transition and enhancing efficiency in large-scale renewable energy utilization.

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