Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water

ZHANG Shaojie; ZHANG Yongmin; LUO Cheng; ZHAO Hejie; LU Jinbo; MENG Yang; QIU Aici

doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202509004

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Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water

更新时间：2025-09-11

- Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water
- Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University Vol. 59, Issue 9, Pages: 33-40(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电气工程学院， 710049，西安
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.7652/xjtuxb202509004
  CLC： TM89
- Received：15 November 2024，
  
  Online First：08 May 2025，
  
  Published：10 September 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Shaojie, ZHANG Yongmin, LUO Cheng, et al. Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(9): 33-40.
DOI：

ZHANG Shaojie, ZHANG Yongmin, LUO Cheng, et al. Experimental Study on Electrical Explosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Copper Wires in Water[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2025, 59(9): 33-40. DOI： 10.7652/xjtuxb202509004.

摘要

针对水中金属丝电爆炸冲击波技术的负载材质选用问题，对比研究了具有相同长度和初始电阻的铝丝、铜丝水中电爆炸的放电特性和冲击波特性。采用初始储能约53.5 kJ的脉冲电流源驱动4组铝丝和铜丝产生电爆炸，测量放电过程中的负载电压、回路电流与冲击波压力波形，并计算电功率、沉积能量及冲击波冲量密度等。实验结果表明：铝丝电爆炸具有更快的相变过程，而铜丝电爆炸具有更高的电压峰值、电功率峰值，相应地具有更快的击穿/电离过程以及更低的等离子体电导率；铝丝和铜丝电爆炸在相变过程的沉积能量相似，但前者在电压峰值后的沉积能量更多，总沉积能量更多；4组对比实验铝丝电爆炸产生的冲击波的峰值压力、冲量密度和能量密度相较于铜丝电爆炸分别高出1%~9%、55%~87%和33%~62%。

Abstract

To address the selection of load materials for the shockwave technology based on underwater electrical wire explosion

the discharge and shockwave characteristics of explosions of aluminum and copper wires with the same length and initial resistance is investigated. A pulsed current source with an initial stored energy of approximately 53.5 kJ is used to drive four sets of aluminum and copper wires for electrical explosion. The load voltage

circuit current

and shock wave pressure waveforms are measured during the discharge process

and the electrical power

deposited energy

and shock wave impulse density are calculated. The experimental results show that aluminum wire explosions exhibit a faster phase transition process

while copper wire explosions demonstrate higher peak voltage

peak electrical power

and faster breakdown/ionization

but lower plasma conductivity. The deposited energy during the phase transition is similar for both materials

but aluminum wires accumulate more energy after the voltage peak

resulting in greater total deposited energy. Compared to copper wire explosions

aluminum wire explosions produce shock waves with 1%—9% higher peak pressure

55%—87% higher impulse density

and 33%—62% higher energy density in 4 groups of comparative experiments.

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references

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